The role of attachment styles, family cohesion and perceived gender discrimination in predicting psychological hardiness in women with reverse age of marriage

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles, family cohesion, and perceived gender discrimination in predicting psychological hardiness in women with the reverse age of marriage. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was women with the reverse age of marriage who referred to family counseling centers affiliated with welfare in district 10 of Tehran. Among them, 60 people were selected by purposive sampling. Research tools included the Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kubasa, 1979), Attachment Styles (Collins Reed, 1990), Family Cohesion (Samani, 2002), and Gender Discriminatory Events (Klonoff and Landrin, 1995). Pearson correlation test and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that psychological hardiness had a positive and significant relationship with close (secure) attachment style and family cohesion and a negative and significant relationship with dependent (avoidance) and anxiety (ambivalent) styles and perceived gender discrimination (P <0.05). Regression results also showed that the styles of closeness (0.21), dependence (-0.26), anxiety (-0.41), family cohesion (0.44), and perceived gender discrimination (-0.36) Predict psychological hardship. Considering the role of attachment styles, family cohesion and perceived gender discrimination in predicting psychological hardiness in women with the reverse age of marriage, Conducting workshops based on these concepts is essential for couples in premarital counseling.