The effect of height, solvent, plant organs and extraction method on some phytochemical properties of Verbascum speciosum schard. In Chaharbagh rangelands, Golestan province

The use of rangeland medicinal plants and their active ingredients has recently been considered due to their therapeutic and industrial effects. In order to investigate the effect of height, plant limb, solvent and extraction method on some phytochemical properties of Verbascum speciosum in Chaharbagh rangelands, Golestan province, flower and leaf samples of this species were collected from altitude classes of 2100 - 2300 - 2500 - 2700 meters in three replications. Samples oils were then extracted with ethanol and methanol solvents by two extraction methods including soaking and using microwave ultrasound. Results showed that the highest amount of total phenol (119.46 mg per g dry weight) is in flower limps, sampled at altitude of 2100 m, ethanol solvent and extraction method with microwave ultrasound. The highest amount of antioxidant activity was observed by free radical scavenging DPPH (81.49%) in flower organs, sampled at 2100 m above see level, ethanol solvent and extraction by soaking method. ANOVA of IC50 of the samples showed that the inhibitory power of DPPH free radicals at (P<0.01) was significantly different. The results of comparing the mean of the three factors of height changes, plant limb and solvent type on the IC50 level showed that the studied plant species at 2500 m altitude, in the flower limb with the methanol solvent type had the highest IC50 and consequently the lowest anti-oxidant activity. Considering the distribution of Verbascum speciosum in mountainous areas, it seems that the altitude gradient, extraction method and type of plant organs have a significant effect on the secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties of this plant.