Surveyingthe Metabolism Disorders of Lipids, Obesity and Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes and IGT and Comparing this with Normal Individuals, Tehran Villages

Regarding the importance of cardiovascular disease in society health and with respect to known high risk of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and hypertension in these patients, and also regarding the lack of epidemiological studies in this field, specially in rural area, this study has been conducted on 2705 candidates over 30 years old [1296 males (48%) and 1409 females (52%)] by multiple-phase randomized sampling, in 100 villages. Serum level of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and sugar were obtained on fasting blood samples. For diagnosis of diabetes and IGT, glucose tolerance test with 75 gr glucose was performed. Then blood pressure, body weight and height, and body mass index (BMI) have been measured. Waist/buttock ratio was considered as a factor for evaluating abdominal obesity. The mean BMI was 28.6 mg/dl). No significant variation has observed in LDL-C level. In the meantime, no significant differences have been noted in these factors in patients with incomplete remission, before and after the therapy. Regarding the fact that HDL-C, unlike TG and VLDL-C, is less influenced by diet and other factors such as stress; serial determination of HDL-C level is highly recommended in patients with ALL , in this way a powerful tool for evaluating the disease procedure along with chemotherapy efficacy would be achieved.  Moderate to severe obesity has been recorded in 34.7%, 37.1% and 22.3% of patients with diabetes, IGT, and normal individuals, respectively. The mean of waist/buttock ratio was higher in diabetic patients (p<0.001). Abnormal waist/buttock ratio makes individuals more susceptible to diabetes (2.9 times). One fifth of patients with diabetes have diastolic blood pressure more than 89 mmHg and half of them have systolic blood pressure of 139 mmHg and above, whereas these figures were 1/10 and 1/5 for normal individuals, respectively. The mean of TG was 322 ±282, 206± 178, and 178±124 mg/dl in patients with diabetes, IGT, and normal individuals, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). In diabetic patients, the prevalence of triglyceridemia was 2.1 times more than normal individuals and 1.6 times more than patients with IGT. Cholesterol level of 239 mg/dl and higher was recorded in 12.6% of normal individuals. Hypercholesterolemia makes patients more susceptible to diabetes (3.9 times). The mean of LDLcholesterol was recorded 145 ± 43.6, 134 ± 38.9, and 121 ± 36.1 mg/dl in patients with diabetes, IGT, and normal individuals, respectively (p<0.001). HDL-cholesterol below 35mg/dl was seen in 45.9% of diabetic patients. LDL/HDL ratio above 5 has been recorded in 17.8%, 19.3%, and 9% of patients with diabetes, IGT, and normal individuals, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes in patients with cholesterol/HDL ratio above 4.5 was 2.4 times more than patients with cholesterol/HDL ratio of 4.5 and below. Results have implied that obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are common findings in diabetic patients. Regarding its potential hazard, intervention in life style is strongly recommended.