Study of effective indicators on rangeland management in collective and private exploitation systems (In winter rangelands of Golestan province)

During the last few decades, one of the most important problems of Iran rangelands is how to manage ranch units, which are managed according to the grazing license, in one of the three common methods, council, collective and private exploitation. The most important tool for achieving sustainable development and natural resource management is property right. Considering the importance of rangeland management in exploitation systems, the present study tries to investigate the effective indicators on rangeland management in collective and private exploitation systems in Golestan province. The indicators used in this research include human, social, ecological and institutional-political. The research method is descriptive-survey and the respondent community in this research are competent rangeland users. The collected data were analyzed in two descriptive sections using central inclination and dispersion indices and the inferential section was analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS software version 22. The results of this study also indicated that rangelands have managed by private method, have a better situation in terms of the level of awareness of users, the tendency to carry out remedial work and the tendency to protect rangelands. The level of awareness of users was 3.40 and 2.54 in private and collective exploitation methods, respectively. Examining the type of rangeland utilization pattern shows that the tendency to breed in private rangelands with an average of 4.40 has been much higher than collective rangelands with an average of 3.12. The study of the tendency to protect rangeland and exploited areas indicates a greater tendency of private method users than the collective method users. The degree of tendency to protection in the two models of private and collective exploitation was 4.20 and 3.72, respectively. The results of the present study showed that by using the private method in management, it is possible to achieve natural resource conservation, sustainable development and optimal resource management.