Sociological explanation of women's values and actions (Case study: women living in districts three, seven and nineteen of Tehran)

Introduction: The role of women in society shows the dynamism and vitality of any society. Women have participated in many activities in various fields and in the collective movements of Iranian society. Throughout history, women's actions have taken various forms, and women have sought to influence the general social strata of society. They first had actions in the field of daily life and then entered into collective actions in all fields. Women are always eager and eager to participate and play a role in various social, political and security spheres and have an extraordinary desire and readiness to attend. They are effective and deal with various crises. The role of women in society and their presence is very important and women in a society can engage in social, economic and cultural activities alongside men. Given that women have many responsibilities, including housekeeping and childcare, etc., they should not be deprived of social responsibilities, because by maintaining their family responsibilities, they can also have effective social responsibilities in society. Women are allowed to have a patriarchal view of life, existence and history. Unfortunately, the dominance of the patriarchal attitude towards existence, life and society has led to oppression even in the name of women's freedom. This attitude has traditionally existed throughout history and the criterion of virtue is being a man. Today, our women are getting more and more educated and reach a higher social understanding, and we are witnessing a variety of actions by them in society. They are active in all fields of science, management and culture and want to compete with men in creating works and abilities. With the advent of modernity, many fields, including the family, have been challenged and many of its norms and values It has lost its credibility and is out of the traditional state. Sociologists believe that women today are more caught up in some of the wrong traditions of the past than ever before, such as injustice, oppression, and gender discrimination. And their actions have caused serious social harm. For example, women as activists, regardless of what major changes they take about the hijab or their motivation and intention to observe the hijab in today's society has received more attention than ever before. . On the other hand, the motivation and intention of the activists in the matter of hijab is a function of cultural consumption. Therefore, understanding the meaning of women's actions is very important. Action, in Weber's view, is all human behavior in which the actor attributes a particular mental meaning to his behavior. Action in this sense may be obvious or merely internal and mental, it may involve positive intervention in a situation or intentional refusal of such intervention or passive acceptance of the situation. Max Weber means action, meaningful and purposeful behavior. The criterion lies: First, individuals in action must consider the behavior of others and their presence or presence. Second, the action must have a symbolic value for others and the action of others must have a symbolic value for the individual to understand each other. The action is understandable, and we must refer to the actor in order to understand them. According to Weber, individuals are the agents of social actions. If a behavior is directed at others, it is called a social action that may be active or inactive. A social action can be focused on past or present behavior. In this regard, evidence of structural damage in the Iranian family in recent years has been presented. Changing the role and action and position of women and reducing marriage and increasing divorce are among these injuries, thus representing the process of formation of injuries and changes. The value of women and their actions in the process of modernization is very important. Sociologists use value as a social concept and believe that values ​​are ingrained beliefs that determine the direction of action of social actors more in the form of norms. Values ​​play an essential role in explaining, controlling, supervising and advancing. The nose has actions. Therefore, this element has a great role in social change and change, so that classical and modern thinkers have always dealt with values ​​sometimes as the forerunner of social change or as a result of social change. The results of many studies on values ​​and its relationship with social development show that with the change in the economic and social structures of society, values ​​also change. Methods: If we consider the three districts of Tehran with their entire population, according to the Cochran's formula, our statistical sample includes about 384 people, which we consider 390 people for ease of division. Our goal is to compare the actions of women in these three areas. In this dissertation, by drawing two horizontal lines on the city of Tehran, we divided it into three parts. The first hypothetical line horizontally includes Damavand, Enghelab and Azadi streets, and at the top level of this hypothetical line is Tehran's District 3. The second hypothetical line horizontally includes the Besat Highway and the Fatah Highway and their extension, at the bottom of which is Tehran's 19th district. In the distance between these two lines, ie the center of Tehran, region 7 is located. Thus, we have considered three regions in the north and center of south of Tehran, and the share of each region will be 130 people, which in total covers our statistical population of 390 people. The research method of this dissertation is quantitative approach and survey technique and a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. The random sampling method is simple. Findings:. The research results of this article show that, firstly, in some cases, there are significant differences between the values ​​and actions of women among women living in the upper, middle and lower regions of the target community (Tehran). Part of the women of our society are still among the conspirators, and a clear example of this is the presence of women in religious ceremonies, especially religious-political ceremonies such as Friday prayers. They value their values ​​and act accordingly, and may encourage others to do the same, sometimes causing tensions between them and other women. Innovative women are also an important part of women's society. They believe that actions should be defined according to their time and period. But our society is facing problems with the other two groups. Formalists have lost their values, although in appearance they are the same color as the community. The fourth group should be considered a lost group who no longer believe in traditional values ​​and social practices, and as mentioned, the majority of them have migrated or are seeking to migrate. Discussion: Six research hypotheses were accepted, meaning that by confirming the first hypothesis, we concluded that there is a significant relationship between women's feelings of fear and anxiety and their social actions. And fear and anxiety make their actions difficult. Confirming the second hypothesis, we concluded that gender discrimination is another important and influential factor in women's actions. Confirmation of subsequent research hypotheses showed that women's social acceptance, which is largely influenced by the prevailing traditions of society Also, women's attachment to the family is an important factor influencing their actions. Finally, the weakness of religious beliefs and the decline of women's moral values ​​have led to a change in their actions And all of this has led to the formation of four actions in women that we have talked about in detail.