O-9: The Central Role of Mitochondrial Function in Quality of Human Oocyte

Background: Mitochondria are the most aboudent and small essential organelles found in eukaryotic cells. These are semiautonomous organelles for the production of cellular ATP that through its various biochemical pathways. The primary pathway for ATP production is OXPHOS via the electron transfer chain (ETC) which is encoded by nuclear DNA and mtdna genomes. Mitochondria consist of double stranded DNA that encodes 13 of the polypeptides that are part of the ETC. Mitochondrial DNA are normally inherited exclusively from the mother. Human oocyte maturation (MII Stage) consists of 100000 mitochondrial DNA that arise from during oogenesis. Oocyte quality carchterezied by its abilities to be maturation, fertilization and give rise to normal offspring. Good quality oocytes are essential for fertilization especially for successful in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) which are two major assisted reproductive technologies for female infertility. Despite over 3 decades of experience with human IVF, current practice is formidable challenges to improve outcome fertilization remain. Recently many researchers have been studied on the functions of mitochondria in quality oocytes and outcome fertilization. Materials and Methods: This article presents result of a systematic review about role of mitochondrial function in quality of human oocyte. Results: These studies showed that the mitochondrion plays a crucial role in the oocyte maturation cytoplasm, for it can provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for fertilization and preimplantation embryo development. Likewise, they can act as stores of intracellular calcium (Ca) and proapoptotic factors. The central impotence of mitochondrial role in evolution oocyte and quality oocyte furthermore they are important for fertilization outcome and embryonic development. However, the specific means by which mitochondrial dysfunction effect on outcome fertilization. Conclusion: The evalution of mitochondrial function for infertility patients with poor quality oocyte have been reviewed and the suggested methods for their treatment.