MHD Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of Newtonian Nanofluids over a Stretching Sheet with Variable Velocity and Temperature Distribution

Laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer of Newtonian nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the sheet velocity distribution of the form (UW=cXβ) and the wall temperature distribution of the form (TW=T∞+aXr ) for the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) is studied numerically. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to the local non-similarity equations using the appropriate transformations. The set of ODEs are solved using Keller–Box implicit finite-difference method. The effects of several parameters, such as magnetic parameter, volume fraction of different nanoparticles (Ag, Cu, CuO, Al2O3 and TiO2), velocity parameter, Prandtl number and temperature parameter on the velocity and temperature distributions, local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are examined. The analysis reveals that the temperature profile increases with increasing magnetic parameter and volume fraction of nanofluid. Furthermore, it is found that the thermal boundary layer increases and momentum boundary layer decreases with the use of water based nanofluids as compared to pure water. At constant volume fraction of nanoparticles, it is also illustrated that the role of magnetic parameter on dimensionless temperature becomes more effective in lower value.