Evaluation of the Effect of Calcium Silicate Phosphate, Osteon, and Bio-Oss on Cell Viability and Cell Morphology of Human SaOS-2

Background and Aim: Several reports have been published on the successful application of various bone substitute materials (BSM). Appropriate physiologic and histologic characteristics and reactions of these materials against host cells are critically important. In this study, the biocompatibility of a new bone substitute material has been evaluated. Methods and Materials: In this experimental In vitro study, the biocompatibility of silicate calcium phosphate, Bio-Oss and Osteon were compared by evaluation of cell viability and differentiation rate of human osteoblast-like cell line (SaOS-2). No graft material was used in the control group. Cell viability rate was evaluated by MTT test after 1, 3 and 14 days of incubation. Inverted Light Microscope and SEM were utilized for evaluation of cell morphology. MTT and cell morphology were analyzed by ANOVA test in all groups. Results: Cell viability of the control group equaled 0.453±0.016, while in the test groups it equaled 0.453±0.016 for Bio-Oss, 0.439±0.011 for Osteon and 0.425±0.026 for silicate calcium phosphate. There was no significant difference between the control and the test groups. Spindle form was the dominant SaOS-2 cell morphology in all groups. Conclusion: This study showed that calcium silicate phosphate has appropriate biocompatibility comparable with that of Bio-Oss and Osteon.