Detection of P 53 gene mutations in exons 5 and 8 in patients of familial breast cancer with PCR-SSCP methode.

 Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer of women in the world.  Although different genetic alteration has been reported in this malignancy, but P 53 gene  mutations has more frequency. P 53 gene is one of the most important suppressor genes and it  play a central role in breast cancer and detecting of mutations in this gene would be very helpful in understanding of genetic mechanisms in intiation and progress of this cancer.  Materials - Methods: 32 patients with familial breast cancer were selected and biopsy of breast  as sample were studied. DNA extraction were performed by phenol-chloroform method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of exons 5 and 8 were carried out. Inorder to detection of mutations SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) method was used and SSCP polyachrilamid gels were staind by silver nitrate. Abnormal band incompare with controls were selected as matation.  Results: 2 mutations in exon 5 and 4 mutations in exon 8 were detected by analysing of SSCP gels. There were not found any statistical differences relationship between breast cancer and different tumour establisher agents.  Discussion: Mutation of P  53 gene has been known as starter of breast cancer in the different  population. In some area mutation of P 53 gene is cause of breast cancer with 80%  frequency.  Due to some limitation in our study, such as: number of patients and exons that were studied, could not conclude an exact interpretation between P 53 gene mutation and breast cancer.  In order to reveal dominant P 53 gene mutations in iranian people, we recommend to perform  this study on more patients with breast cancer and all exons of P 53 gene in Iran.    Key words: Breast cancer, P53 gene, Mutation, PCR-SSCP