Comparative Analysis Factors Influencing the Tourism Secondary Homes in the light of the Local Community and the Tourists (Case Study of Heiran Village in Astara County)

In Tourism industry, development of second homes in rural areas always has been one of the signs of tourists’ attention to the villages. In recent decades, with the development of these types of settlements, the need to pay attention to the differences between local community and the tourists is felt over and over. These settlements often lead to some inconsistencies and problems due to the social, cultural and economic inequalities between the two communities along with the differences in physical and spatial needs between the two groups. Due to the critical importance of the issue, it always requires special attention from professionals. The purpose of the present study is a comparative analysis of the impact of social, cultural, economic and environmental factors on the formation of the second tourism houses from the perspective of the local community and tourists and ultimately assessment of the similarities and differences between them. The present study is a combination research using a qualitative technique (semi-structured interview) and to some extent Likert questionnaire. Indicators and outputs making the researcher’s questionnaires, were prepared by a panel of experts from the faculty members of the Architecture Department of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and Islamic Art University of Tabriz. Finally 15 physical indicators were determined and for each of them, 16 subsets in four social, cultural, economic and environmental groups were categorized and edited from the audiences’ point of view. By applying Simple Random Method, 64 local residents and 54 owners of second homes were selected to interview and responding the questionnaires. Statistical sample research on 15 physical variables independent t-test and multiple regressions analyses were applied to analyze the information obtained from completed questionnaires and ultimately identified the factors which influence the design of second homes. Independent t-test results indicate disagreement between the views of two groups of audiences about how physical variables affect them and the way of second homes formation. Moreover, the results of multiple regression test based on the audiences’ opinions, indicate the impacts of social, cultural, economic and environmental factors on the body of second homes. Regarding physical factors, significant differences were observed between their points of view like paying attention to greenery (green wall, green outdoor,…), applying modern methods in building a second home, considering the importance of perspective, location and orientation of the building, considering half-open spaces overlooking the passageways,  anticipating communal leisure spaces and using native architectural materials and forms. Also average number of community and second homeowners share the agreement to implement variables like using modern and urban forms and views, open houses on four sides (garden house), transparency of the enclosure, embedding livestock, use of cheerful and varied colors in the facade and roof covering, and locating second homes in a detached area of tissue and the proposed texture. Furthermore, regarding physical factors, the idea of restoration of the old building and dedicating it to the second tourist home with two floors or more was faced with average negative comments from tourists and the local community. Moreover, based on audience opinions, multiple regression results indicate the solidarity and direct communication between most of the physical variables and social, cultural, economic and environmental factors. It is essential to attract the attention of the designers and planners to the views of the audiences and increase their awareness about the importance of influential factors in designing and building the second homes.