Analysis of changes detection in Gano coal mine area using satellite image from 2000 to 2020 (northwest of Damghan)

In coal mines, fires and explosions due to rising temperatures and high coal densities are the most likely hazards. Due to the looseness of the coal-bearing terrestrial layers, there are also risks of collapsing extraction tunnels. Therefore, in order to manage the risk in coal mines, the risk model in these areas should be studied periodically. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively study the changes in the region in order to introduce parts of the mineral range that are endangered due to surface and altitude thermal changes. In the present study, identification of thermal changes in Gano coal mine from 2000 to 2020 using Landsat satellite data and surface elevation changes of the mine between 2014 to 2020 using Sentinel1 radar data in northwest Damghan is done. In this study, first the parts of the study area where the density of coal seams is high is determined using the normalized index of two Landsat data bands (SWIR1 and SWIR2 bands) and the experimental threshold of 0.06. Surface temperature (LST) was also estimated using the Planck relationship and Landsat data. LST threshold values ​​were estimated for both years to detect fire-hazardous pixels. Using radar interferometry and images of 2014 and 2020 Sentinel1 satellite of the region, digital elevation model and altitude changes of the mine area were extracted. The maximum subsidence was about 9 cm, which had fallen and caused casualties during the field visit.