Alteration in capacity and function of proximal and distal convoluted tubules in kidney exposed by Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles in female rats (Stereological technique)

Background: One of the applications of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MTNPs) is to use it as an antibacterial agent. The kidney is also one of the most important organs in the body to excrete waste products and regulate many blood factors. Duo to widespread use of MTNPs and the importance of the kidney, the aim of this study was to investigate this drug effect on kidney tubules. Materials and methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into a control group, a sham group (receiving normal saline) and 3 experimental groups (receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW MTNPs). The intraperitoneal injections were carried for 35 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized after collecting blood samples. Then, their right kidney was removed and after tissue preparation, the samples were examined by stereology to determine changes in the volume, length, and surface area of tubules and epithelium height. Results: The results showed that MTNPs caused significantly increases the volume of epithelium and the length and volume of the distal tubule compared to the control and sham group. Also, epithelium height and surface area of tubules and renal length in high levels of MTNPs were indicated significantly increases. These nanoparticles made changes most of stereological parameters which investigated in renal tubules and serum levels of creatinine. Conclusion: Due to the widespread use of MTNPs in the industry as an antimicrobial as well as its adverse effects on renal tubules, the uncontrolled use of antimicrobial containing molybdenum trioxide should be avoided.