Abstract Evaluation Antibacterial Effect of Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris and Mentha Pulegium plant Extracts on some of Gram- Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Introduction: Increased use of antibiotics against bacterial infection increases drug resistance. This has led to extensive studies on plant compounds with antimicrobial activity and further efficacy as an antibiotic substitute. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity the five Medicinal plant extracts CinnamomumVerum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris,  and Mentha pulegium against standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Entrococcous fecalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa,Acintobacter bumani, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Esherishia  coli Materials and Methods The ethanol extract of the Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris and Mentha pulegium were prepared by maceration method.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed on several standard bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method after three replications and diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and recorded. Then MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) with Broth microdilution was determined. Mean growth zone diameter was determined by Duncan's comparison test at the 5% level. Results: This study showed the highest antibacterial effect of Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinale extracts on S. saprophyticus with 25 and 23 mm diameter zone of inhibition respectively. The Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on S. saprophyticus and the Mentha pulegium extract on E.coli and S. saprophyticus had the highest antibacterial effects with 16, 13 and 13 mm diameter zone of inhibition. The highest antibacterial effect of CinnamomumVerum on Staphylococcus aureus was 19 mm in diameter zone of inhibition. The MIC of Zingiber officinalis and Berberis vulgaris extracts were 3.1 mg/ml against S. saprophyticus and the lower than other extracts. P. aeruginosa was resistant to most plant extracts. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the plant extracts specially Berberis vulgaris had effective antibacterial activity on most of the bacterial strains. In order to show the optimal antibacterial effect of the studied extracts, it is suggested to study on the animal models and determine their clinical effects.