A review of the biological characteristics of suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus Linnaeus, 1758) and its impacts on aquatic ecosystems

Following the report of suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) from Anzali Wetland, the present study was conducted to review the biological and ecological characteristics of this species and its effects on aquatic ecosystems. A literature review revealed that the suckermouth catfish is native to South America and one of the most popular species in the ornamental fish industry. This species has been introduced to different parts of the world, including Asian countries, through exchanges and international trade. Introduced populations of this species are often found in shallow waters and on the shores of lakes, rivers, reservoirs and hot springs. The suckermouth catfish is omnivorous and feeds primarily on algae, plants, Periphyton, detritus, and benthic invertebrates. Due to their rapid maturation, high density, and high longevity, Hypostomus species can quickly monopolize food resources, alter food networks, and increase water turbidity. These species cause habitat erosion through nesting and are able to physically inhibit other aquatic organisms. Overall, evaluation of the reports from different countries showed that suckermouth catfish have affected aquatic organisms, especially native fish, through habitat change and biodiversity. Due to this issue, it is suggested that research to be conducted for investigation of the ecological and economic effects of introducing this species to Anzali Wetland.