بهینه‌سازی تولید کربن فعال در دماهای مختلف با استفاده از فعال‌ساز K2CO3 برای حذف رنگ‌زای راکتیو بلک 5 از محلول آبی

Background and Objective: Reactive dyes are the newest dyes in textile industry. They may cause environmental problems. The aim of this study was to remove Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in aqueous solutions with activated carbon that was made from grape wood. Materials and Methods: The activated carbon was synthesized by potassium carbonate with impragnation ratios of 1:0.25 at different temperatures (600,650,700,750,800,850,900)°C. Experiments on dye adsorption were done under the same conditions including pH of 2, adsorbent dose of 0.025 g/L, initial dye concentration of 250 mg/L, volume of 100 mL, and contact time of 120 min. Then, the absorption RB5 in a bathc mode was done using the optimized activated carbon. The trends of pH, absorbent dose, initial concentration, temperature, retention time, parametrs were studied. The BET and SEM techniques were used to characterize the activated carboon. Finally, the equilibrium, synthetic and thermodynamic studies were done for RB5. Results: The results  showed that the activated carbon sample that was synthesized under the imprenation ratio of 1:0.25 and  temperature of 900 oC had a  surface area 1670 m2/g. Moreover, the total pore volume was 1.134 cm3/g  and 68% of the total pore size were within mesoporous zone. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at the optimum condition. The optimum condition with the maximum adsorption capacity for RB5 was pH of 2, adsorbent dose of 0.035 g/L and temperature 45 °C. According to the equilibrium test results RB5 followed the Freundlich model. of the kinetic adsorption results showed that RB5 showed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to the thermodynamic studies, it seems that RB5 absorption process was  an endothermic, non-spontaneous and physical sorption process. Conclusion: The study showed that the produced-activated carbon from grape wood had a great potentioal for removing RB5 from aqueous solutions.