غلامرضا خادمی
استادیار گروه اطفال، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
[ 1 ] - بررسی کفایت حمایت تغذیه ای بیماران NPO شده در بیمارستان فوق تخصصی کودکان دکتر شیخ مشهد
مقدمه NPOیکی از مسائل مهم در مورد بیماران و کودکان بستری در بیمارستان عدم تغذیه از راه دهان به مدت طولانی و عدم توجه کافی به نحوه صحیح تغذیه آنها است. با توجه به تاثیر این مسئله بر وضعیت تغذیه و رشد کودکان، این مطالعه در بیمارستان کودکان دکتر شیخ مشهد با هدف شناسایی محدودیت های حمایت های تغذیه ای کودکان NPO انجام شد. روش کار این مطالعه توصیفی به صورت مقطعی در آبان ماه سال 1391 در تمامی بخش ...
[ 2 ] - ارزیابی نظرات کادر درمانی جهت روش تشخیص هویت نوزادان در بدو تولد به شیوه اثر کف پا در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد در سال 1390
مقدمه: شناسایی هویت نوزادان برای والدین و سیستم درمانی بسیار مهم است. در ایران از روش اثر کف پا برای این امر استفاده می کنند که ممکن است باعث انتقال عفونت بیمارستانی و یا عدم شناسایی هویت دقیق نوزاد شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی نظرات کادر درمانی (شامل متخصصین زنان و مامایی، متخصصین اطفال، پرستاران نوزادان و ماماها) در مورد روش شناسایی اثر کف پا انجام شد. روشکار: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی ...
[ 3 ] - Effects of Early Feeding Support on the Postoperative Weight Gain Status of Infants with Esophageal Atresia
Background: Infants may lose their body resources after surgery due to inadequate nutrient intake and undergoing long periods of fasting after surgery for esophageal atresia, increases risk of several complications. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early feeding support on the postoperative weight gain status of infants with esophageal atresia. Method: This randomized, controlle...
[ 4 ] - Ultrasound- guided Hydrostatic (Hydrocolonic) Treatment of Meconium Ileus: A Preliminary Report
Background Meconium ileus (MI) is one type intestinal obstruction due to inspissated meconium at the level of the terminal ileum. The purpose of this study is to present the non-ionizing ultrasound-guided approach for the treatment of meconium ileus. Materials and Methods This study was performed, prospectively, at Dr. Sheikh and Akbar children's Hospitals, Mashhad University of Medical Science...
[ 5 ] - Tuberculosis: Past, Present and Future
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. People with active TB can infect 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Materials and ...
[ 6 ] - Customs and Desirable after Childbirth, in Islam
Children are a precious gift from God, and the blessing of a child is a special time in a person's life. All cultures and religious traditions have certain ways of welcoming a newborn child into the community; also, each culture and religion has its own customs and traditions for the birth of a child. During and after the birth of a Muslim child, there are certain rituals the mother and fathe...
[ 7 ] - Healthy Diet in Children: Facts and Keys
Consuming a healthy diet throughout the lifecourse helps prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and conditions. But the increased production of processed food, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats, free sugars or salt/sodium, and many do n...
[ 8 ] - Under-five Mortality in the World (1900-2015)
5.9 million children under age five died in 2015, 16 000 every day. Globally, under-five mortality rate has decreased by 53%, from an estimated rate of 91 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births in 2015. The average annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality has accelerated from 1.8% a year over the period 1990–2000 to 3.9% for 2000–2015 , but remains insuf...
[ 9 ] - Child Malnutrition at Different World Regions in 1990-2013
Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth, proper organ formation and function, a strong immune system, and neurological and cognitive development. Child malnutrition – as measured by poor child growth – is an important indicator for monitoring population nutritional status and health. In 2013, about 17%, or 98 million children under five years of age in develo...
[ 10 ] - Child Mortality at Different World Regions: A Comparison Review
The loss of a child is a tragedy - families suffer and human potential is wasted. 6.3 million children under the age of five died in 2013, nearly 17 000 every day. Most deaths among children aged one to five years are due to diseases that can be prevented, but that can also be easily treated at home or in health facilities. Leading causes of death in under-five children are preterm birth compli...
[ 11 ] - Emergency Management of Common Diseases in Children
Acute respiratory infections, diarrhea and fever are very common in children below the age of five years. All children suffer from these illnesses several times each year. However, during natural disasters like floods children are even more vulnerable to these diseases and death. Pneumonia, diarrhea, measles and malaria, and associated malnutrition, are responsible for over 60% deaths in childr...
[ 12 ] - Poliomyelitis: Current Status in Iran and Worldwide
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children. The virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g. contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis. Initial symptoms of polio include ...
[ 13 ] - Preparation a Child for Surgery and Hospitalization
Hospitalization and medical experiences can be confusing and stressful for children, teens and their families. It is very common for young people and their families to have many questions when they are scheduled for surgery or hospitalization. When children are given opportunities to cope successfully with medical experiences, they may see themselves as more capable, more in control, and more r...
[ 14 ] - Pain Management in Children with Collaborative Parents and Healthcare Team
Most children in hospital have pain. Seeing your child in pain or discomfort is incredibly difficult. Pain in children is a public health concern of major significance in most parts of the world. We have learned that unrelieved pain causes the body to release certain chemicals that may actually delay healing, so it's important to work with child's nurses and doctors to help children for control...
[ 15 ] - Immunization Coverage in WHO Regions: A Review Article
In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) to ensure that all children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. Since then, global coverage with the four core vaccines (Bacille calmette guérin vaccine [for protection against tuberculosis], Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine [DTP], Polio vaccine, and Measles vaccine) has increase...
[ 16 ] - Child Maltreatment in the World: A Review Article
Child abuse is a recognized public health and social problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), child abuse includes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect and negligent treatment and exploitation. Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. In spite of recent national surveys in several low- and midd...
[ 17 ] - The Impact of Student-Centered Pedagogy on Training in a Pediatrics Course
Introduction: The most important change in medical education is a shift from didactic teacher-centered and subject-based teaching to the use of interactive, problem-based, student-centered learning. Student-centered approach is a teaching approach t that encompasses replacing lectures with active learning, integrating self-paced learning programs and cooperative group situations, ultimately hol...
[ 18 ] - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children:A Short Review and Literature
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. ADHD is estimated to affect about 6 to 7 percent of people aged 18 and under when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria. Hyperki...
[ 19 ] - Diagnostic Utility of Chest X-rays in Neonatal Respiratory Distress: Determining the Sensitivity and Specificity
Background: Chest radiography is one of the most usual diagnostic tools for respiratory distress. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the specificity, sensitivity and clinical value of chest radiography of neonates with respiratory distress.Patients and Methods: A descriptive- analytical study was conducted on 102 neonates that were in neonatal intensive care unit of Imam Reza and...
[ 20 ] - Impact of Hyperglycemia Duration on Mortality and Ventilator Dependence in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Background: Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU).Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship of hyperglycemia duration with mortality and ventilator dependence in infants admitted to NICU.Methods: In this original retrospective study, data was collected between October 2015 and December 2015 from NICU of Dr. Sheikh Children’s Hos...
[ 21 ] - Purulent Bacterial Meningitis at Birth
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which are known as the meninges. This infection may be caused by Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria. In this study, we presented the case of a female newborn with meningitis secondary to Streptococcus pneumonia. Her birth weight and height were normal. After 24 hours of birth, the neonate was diagn...
[ 22 ] - Clinical manifestation and laboratory findings in positive blood culture in neonatal septicemia
Background/objective: Neonatal septicemia is one of the major causes of mortality in newborns. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in positive blood culture in neonatal septicemia. Methods: In this retrospective study, we allocated 100 records positive blood culture of neonates suffering from septicemia. A questionnaire was completed for each...
[ 23 ] - Can we prepare our bodies over the year to cope with Ramadan fasting more easily? Imam Reza’s health and dietary recommendations for different months of the year
Weather conditions, comprised of multiple parameters (e.g., atmospheric pressure, wind, temperature, moisture, and heat) vary during different months of the year. These variations influence almost all organisms including humans (1). Proper nutritional diet is one of the factors which can lead to human adjustment with atmospheric changes. Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam, has presented the most e...
[ 24 ] - موردی نادر از سندرم داون همراه با انگشت شست دوگانه
سابقه و هدف: برخی اختلال ها و بدشکلی های ارتوپدی مانند هیپوتونی و حالت غیر عادی اندام ها (مانند دست کوچک یا پهن با متاکارپ و انگشتان کوتاه) و هیپوپلازی، فالانکس میانی انگشت پنجم وخط میانی کف دست در سندرم داون ممکن است رخ دهد. معرفی مورد: در این مقاله یک مورد انگشت شست دوگانه چپ درپسری 8 ساله ایرانی مبتلا به سندرم داون معرفی می گردد که به دلیل بی اختیاری اداری و مدفوعی به کلینیک اطفا...
[ 25 ] - Follow Up of Nutritional Status in Postoperative Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Patients
Background: Failure to thrive (FTT) is a common underlying condition in patients with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional status and growth pattern in CDH patients. Methods: In current study, we investigated a total of 146 CDH patients who had undergone surgery in Dr. Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between April 2006 to November 2013. Due ...
[ 26 ] - Is Meconium Obstruction Distinguishable from Intestinal Obstruction through Ultrasound?
Background: Since the treatment of meconium ileus is very different from other types of intestinal obstruction, it is very important to distinguish these two entities. The aim of this study was to assess sonographic findings to differentiate meconium ileus from other types of obstruction. Methods: This study was performed in Dr. Sheikh and Akbar hospitals, Mashhad Medical University of Science...
[ 27 ] - رواسازی و اعتباریابی مقیاس رفتار جنسی نرمال در کودکان
مقدمه: اعتبارسنجی و رواسازی یک مقیاس کارا برای سنجش رفتار جنسی نرمال در کودکان میتواند به ایجاد یک برنامه جامع برای آموزش والدین و روانشناسان کودک کمک کند. پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی پایایی وروایی مقیاس رفتار جنسی نرمال در کودکان انجام شد. روش: جامعه آماری مورد نظر از تمامی کودکانی که بین مهر 94 تا بهمن 94 به بیمارستان فوق تخصصی دکتر شیخ مشهد مراجعه کرده بو...
[ 28 ] - Neonatal Presentation of Unremitting Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) has a distinct phenotype and should be considered a specific entity. VEO-IBD presents with very severe clinical pictures and is frequently known by an indeterminate colitis whose clinical remission is unmanageable. This study examines the case of a neonate with VEO-IBD, not responding to medical and surgical treatment. A 7-day-old Iranian fe...
[ 29 ] - Assessment of the Relationship between Hyperglycemia during the First 24 Hours Post-surgery and the Type of Calorie Intake in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Background: The present study aimed to determine the mean blood glucose during the first 24 h post-surgery and its relation with the source of calorie intake.Methods: The data of the current observational retrospective study was collected from hospital medical records. A total of 45 neonates suffering from atresia in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, who were candidates for o...
[ 30 ] - Effects of High-dose Selenium Supplementation on the Oxidative Stress Status and Inflammatory Markers in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients after Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.
Introduction: Oxidative stress and inflammation could occur after major gastrointestinal surgeries. Selenium is a micronutrient with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could improve the inflammatory markers in the children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after gastrointestinal surgeries. Due to the lack of evidence on the potential effects of high-dos...
[ 31 ] - Comparisons of Breast Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Overweight and Obese Women
Background and Objectives: Breast milk composition is affected by several factors such as maternal diet and body mass index. Milk fats include a major calorie content of the milk, which changes dramatically throughout the lactation. The aim of the present study was to assess breast milk fatty acid profile in overweight and obese mothers and its correlations with maternal body mass index. Mater...
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