Milad Ashrafizadeh

[ 1 ] - P87: The Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA Sequences (LncRNAs) in Neurological Disorders

Precise interpretation of the transcriptome sequences in the several species showed that the major part of genome has been transcribed; however, just a few amounts of the transcription sequences have open-reading frames which are conversed during the evolution. So, it is unlikely that many of the transcribed sequences code the proteins. Among the all human non-coding transcripts, at least 10000...

[ 2 ] - P88: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Parkinson Disease

TNFα is one of the inflammatory cytokines which plays an important role in activating the Caspase and inducing the apoptosis. This cytokine which is secreted in inflammations, induces the NO production in macrophages and leads to differentiation of the macrophages to the epithelioid and giant cells. One of the most important factors which stimulates the TNFα secretion, is LPS and th...

[ 3 ] - P89: The Relationship Between the TNFα of the Microglial Cells and the Multiple Sclerosis

TNFα is an inflammatory cytokine and the caspase and apoptotic processes can be activated by TNFα There are two classes of TNFα (solTNF and tmTNFα) which are important from the receptor aspect, so that solTNFα and tmTNFα can attach to the TNFR1, but tmTNFα just attaches to the TNFR2. Microglia cells are resident immune cells of the central nervous ...

[ 4 ] - P90: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Alzheimer Disease

TNFα is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines which induces caspase and apoptotic process. There are two forms of TNFα: soluble TNFα (solTNFα) and transmembrane TNFα (tmTNFα). These inflammatory cytokines have two receptors namely TNRF1 and TNRF2. The attachments of the cytokines to those receptors induce the TRAF and activate the NK-Kb. TNFR1 is f...

[ 5 ] - P102: The Association of the Anti-GAD Antibodies to the Neurological Conditions

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme which converts the glutamic acid to the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that inhibits or weakens the neuronal stimulations. Presynaptic GABAergic neurons in the central neurons system (CNS) and the cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas generate GAD. There are two isoforms of GAD n...

[ 6 ] - P166: The Role of Interlukin-6 of Immune Cells in Neuronal Dysfunctions in the Autism Disease

About thirty years ago, the interlukin-6 (IL-6) which is the proinflammatory cytokine, was detected as the differentiation factor of B cell. IL-6 is able to induce maturation in B cells and as a result, B cells achieve the ability to produce antibodies. In addition to immune responses, the role of IL-6 has been known in neurogenesis (neurons and glial cells). The studies have showed that the ab...

[ 7 ] - Expression of Collagen Type II and Osteocalcin Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Rats Treated with Lead acetate II

Background: Lead is one of the sustainable metals with devastating effects on many tissues. This study, examined the adverse effect of lead poisoning on the gene expression of collagen type II and osteocalcin by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in chondrogenic and osteogenic media, respectively. Methods: We used 18 male Wistar rats, divided in 3 groups. In addition to libitum feed as the...

[ 8 ] - Histological Changes in the Liver and Biochemical Parameters of Chickens Treated with Lead Acetate II

Background: Lead is one of the heavy metals that is persists in the environment and has destructive effects on various human tissues. We investigated the effects of lead on the histological features of liver and its enzymatic functions. Methods: Forty chickens were purchased and randomly divided into four groups. In addition to the normal feed, each group received different doses of lead aceta...

[ 9 ] - Downregulation of Osteocalcin Gene in Chickens Treated with Lead Acetate II

Lead is one of the persistent agents found extensively in the environment and has destructive impacts on the tissues. Regarding the high spread of lead, particularly in Iran, we investigated the effects of lead acetate II on the expression level of osteocalcin gene and histological changes of bone. 40 chickens were randomly divided into four groups. As well as the libitum, the control group was...

[ 10 ] - Histopathological Analysis of Testis: Effects of Astaxanthin Treatment against Nicotine Toxicity

Background: Nicotine is a toxic compound in the cigarette smoke and has destructive effects on various human organs. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with high antioxidant property. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of astaxanthin against nicotine-induced toxicity in mice testes. Methods: Forty-two inbred balb/c male mice were divided into six groups:Group 1, received 1 ml norma...

[ 11 ] - Apoptotic and Autophagic modulation by nicotine

Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine is accountable for creating disorders and cancers such as lung cancer, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Nicotine can be considered as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer which can either directly or indirectly...

[ 12 ] - Apoptotic and Autophagic modulation by nicotine

Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine is accountable for creating disorders and cancers such as lung cancer, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Nicotine can be considered as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer which can either directly or indirectly...

[ 13 ] - Hepato- and Reno-Protective Impacts of Plantago major in Rats: An Experimental Model of Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion

Objective- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective impacts of Plantago. major (P. major) against the adverse effects resulted from testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on kidney and liver.Design- Experimental study.Animals- Twenty-four male rats.Procedures- The testicular I/R was induced by f...