Jahanbakhsh Nikoopour

Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch

[ 1 ] - The Wash back Effect of High School Examinations on Iranian EFL Learners’ Language Learning Beliefs

The phenomenon of how tests influence teaching and learning is commonly described as “wash back” in language instruction. Literature indicates that wash back effect is a complex concept that becomes even more complicated under different interpretations of the wash back phenomenon in teaching and learning. In the present study, some definitions of wash back and its two major types were introduc...

[ 2 ] - English Language Teaching Material Development

The goal of language programs is to utilize language for effective communication. Due to the needs, interests, and motivations of language learners, they may show individual differences in their lan- guage learning. Materials used in language programs can be instructional, experiential, elucidative, or exploratory in that they can inform learners about the language, provide experience of the la...

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