Alireza Abdollahi

[ 1 ] - Comparing the Efficacy of Virtual and Conventional Methods in Teaching Practical Pathology to Medical Students

Electronic learning introduces a teaching device for deeper and more efficient learning. A study was conducted by the Pathology Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The topic of practical pathology was selected earlier based on the curriculum. High-quality digital images of the slides were presented in the form of an e-file. The medical students were asked to regis...

[ 2 ] - Pseudopapillary and Macrofollicular Microscopic Growth Patterns in an Advanced Stage Ovarian Dysgerminoma: A Case Report

ysgerminoma is one of the two most common types of ovarian germ cell tumors. Providing accurate pathologic diagnosis and treatment planning, the prognosis is good even in advanced stages. Pathologic diagnosis is generally straightforward. In microscopic examination, the usual known growth patterns in tumor cells are solid, trabecular, insular and rarely pseudoglandular. In this paper, we ...

[ 3 ] - Upper Normal Limit of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Patients with Obesity

Background:The current study aimed at evaluating the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in upper normal limits with metabolic syndrome, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and its components according to Adult Treatment Panel III of National Cholesterol Education Program. Methods</...

[ 4 ] - Is Helicobacter pylori Infection a Risk Factor for Prostatitis? A Case-Control Study in a Referring Tertiary Care Center

Background: The optimal treatment is not possible yet for chronic prostatitis due to the unknown etiology of the diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic prostatitis. Methods: In this prospective case-control study that conducted in Imam Hospital...

[ 5 ] - Diagnostic Value of Measurement Specific Gravity by Refractometric and Dipstick Method in Differentiation between Transudate and Exudate in Pleural and Peritoneal Fluid

Background: Accumulation of pleural and peritoneal fluid is seen in some diseases. In order to diagnose the disease and start the treatment, one of the most important actions will be to differentiate between exudates and transudates. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of measuring the specific gravity of the fluid through...

[ 6 ] - Predictive Values of Urinary Interleukin 18 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for Delayed Graft Function Diagnosis in Kidney Transplantation

Background: Delayed graft function is a main complication after deceased donor kidney transplantation that adversely affects graft outcome. Difficulties in prediction and early detection of delayed graft function have hindered the ability to perform proper therapeutic interventions. We investigated whether measuring urinary interleukin 18 and neutrophi...

[ 7 ] - Evaluation of Aryoseven Safety (Recombinant Activated Factor VII) in Patients with Bleeding Disorders (An Observational Post-Marketing Surveillance Study)

Background: Recombinant activated factor VII induces hemostasis in patients with coagulopathy disorders. AryoSeven™ as a safe Iranian Recombinant activated factor VII has been available on our market. This study was performed to establish the safety of AryoSeven on patients with coagulopathy disorder. Methods: This single-center, descriptive,...

[ 8 ] - The Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants and Children

It is estimated that the number of HIV infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. The number of children below 15 years of age living with HIV has increased worldwide. Published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as early as possible after diagnosis of HI. Early confirmatio...

[ 9 ] - Validity of Selected WBC Differentiation Flags in Sysmex XT-1800i

Background: Automatic Cell Counter devises make the CBC differential very easy and delivering the results in few second. However, the problem with this device is facing a flag requires a time-consuming microscopic review of the specimen which causes unacceptable wait times for patient as well as costs for laboratories. In this study, we calculated the validity of WBC d...

[ 10 ] - Thyroid Papillary Microcarcinoma: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Follow-up, Histopathology and Prognosis

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 70–90% of well-differentiated thyroid malignancies. Thyroid papillary microcarcinoma is a subtype of papillary carcinoma that included tumors with less than 10mm diameter. As a result of diagnostic methods improvement, p...

[ 11 ] - Clinical Characteristic of the HIV/AIDS Patients with Cryptosporidiosis Referring to Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran in 2013

Background: Cryptosporidiumis known as an opportunist disease-causing agent in man in recent decades. It causes diarrhea and intestinal disorders in the immune deficit and immune competent individuals. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients withcryptosporidiosisinfection. Methods: This cross...

[ 12 ] - Microbial Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bactria Implicated in Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran, Iran

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infectious diseases with different microbial agent and antimicrobial resistant pattern in hospitalized patients and outpatients. In order to assess the adequacy of therapy, knowledge of prevalence and resistance pattern of the bacteria is necessary. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and ...

[ 13 ] - Quality Control Planning of a Hepatitis B Viral Load Laboratory-Developed Assay

  Background and Objectives: HBV DNA monitoring is important in management of chronic viral hepatitis B infection. HBV DNA measurements are carried out over period of months to years. So the analytical system must be stable and reproducible. The aim of this study was to determine the performance characteristics and to plan a statistical quality control system of a laboratory-developed real-tim...

[ 14 ] - Microbial and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles among Pleural Effusion Exudative Samples

  Background and Objectives:Infection of pleural fluid is a common disease and because of antibiotic administration, the microbiology of this fluid has changed. The aim of this study was to determine the common bacteria and suitable antibiotics for treatment in pleural effusion (PE). Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 1210 samples with exudative features were cultured for p...

[ 15 ] - Correlation of ER, PR, HER- 2 and P53 Immunoreactions with Clinico-Pathological Features in Breast Cancer

  Background and Objectives: The most prevalent malignancy among women is known to be breast cancer (BC). Several factors contribute to determining tumor prognosis and treatment strategies. In this study, the frequency and relevance of these factors are discussed. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 214 patients with BC, who referred to the Cancer Institute of...

[ 16 ] - Malignant Pleomorphic Adenoma (Malignant Mixed Tumor) of the Minor Salivary Glands

Salivary  gland  tumors  accounts  for  less  than  1%  of  all  tumors.  Minor  salivary  gland  tumors (MSGTs) are uncommon and make up about 10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. The clinical and histopathological distribution of these tumors vary geographically. A case of a 38 yr old man with a minor salivary gland mass at chin region isreported here. The tumor invaded into the anterior ...

[ 17 ] - Sero-prevelance of Cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma Infections among Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients in Iran; Assessing the Correlation with CD4+ Cell Counts

Background and Objective: Opportunistic infections are the leading cause of death among patients subjected to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to compare the seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)  and toxoplasmosis infection in newly diagnosed HIV infected patients with healthy controls and it’s correlat...

[ 18 ] - Development of 16S rRNA targeted PCR methods for the detection of Escherichia coli in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  Objectives: The presence of E.coli in fish intended for human consumption may constitute a potential danger, not only in causing disease, but also because of the possible transfer of antibiotic resistance from aquatic bacteria to those infecting humans. The objective of this study was to develop an improved PCR method based on species – specific 16 S rRNA gene primers (FES,...

[ 19 ] - Relationships of Serum Level of High- Sensitivity C- Reactive Protein (hs- CRP) and White Blood Cell (WBC) Count with Gamma- Glutamyltransferase among Iranian Healthy Adults

Background & Objective: There are many common infections and inflammations among people over the world. This demands an affordable and reliable test with high sensitivity/specificity to predict or confirm the diagnosis of such cases in routinely clinical practice. In the present study, we aimed to find any potential correlation between serum levels of GGT and CRP- Q and/or hs- CRP and ...

[ 20 ] - Microbial Profile of Air Contamination in Hospital Wards

  Background and Aims:Nosocomial infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality and pose high financial burden on healthcare systems. Although surface contact, surgical incisions, wounds and catheters are responsible for a high percentage of nosocomial infections, bacterial and fungal air contaminations in hospitals have an important role in development of hospital infections. The p...

[ 21 ] - The Effect of Two Different Doses of Atorvastatin on Lipoprotein-A on Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background and Objectives: Lipoprotein-a potentially represents a useful tool for risk stratification in cardiovascular accidents.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the atorvastatin effect on serum lipid profile & lipoprotein A. Material & Methods: In 2009, 405 patients with acute coronary syndrome randomly were divided into 2 groups, taking 20 & 40 mg atorvastatin daily for 3 months. Lip...

[ 22 ] - Correlation between the Level of Creatinine, Serum Cardiac Troponines and Left Ventricle Function Tests in Patients with Chronic Renal Diseases without Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background and Objectives:  The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between the level of  creatinine,cardiac troponins serum and the function of  the left ventricle in patients with  kidney insufficiency,without acute coronary syndrome. Materialsand Methods:The sample  was150 patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease without  acute  coronary  syndrome,  hospitalized  at  I...

[ 23 ] - Group B Streptococcal Sepsis in a Newborn: a Case Report

Newborns’ bacterial infections due to group B Streptococcus (GBS) happen in two forms including early-onset disease or late-onset disease. In this paper, we report a case of early-onset GBS infection in a male infant. A 22-year-old primigravid woman delivers a term normal looking male infant. Nasal flaring, grunting, and poor feeding presented soon after birth. An empiric treatment wit...

[ 24 ] - A. baumannii, Infection Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in an Iranian Tertiary Care Hospital

Background and Objectives: A. baumannii is a cause of various infections with significant morbidity and mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to determine infection rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii in an Iranian tertiary care Hospital.   Materials and Methods:  This study was performed on 166 positive blood cultures for A. baumannii,</em...

[ 25 ] - Pneumonia due to Salmonella typhimuriumin an HIV-Infected Patient

HIV-related Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of acquiring opportunistic infections. This report describes a 69-year-old man, referred to hospital with decreased consciousness and productive cough. This man was a known case of human immunodeficiency virus positive. The sputum of this patient was positive for Salmonella typhimurium. Pulmonary auscultation signaled brief...

[ 26 ] - NGAL, the New Marker for Acute Kidney Injury

[ 27 ] - Frequency of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Bloodstream Infections

  Background and Objectives: Blood stream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in the world. In this study, we aimed at describing the organisms responsible for septicemia in 2006-2007 and their antimicrobial susceptibility that might lead to proper selection of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients with suspected sepsis. Materials and Methods: Microbiology reports of ...

[ 28 ] - Giant Submucosal Lipoma of Sigmoid Colon

  Lipomas of the gasterointestinal Tract are relatively uncommon in clinical practice. Most cases are asymptomatic with small tumor size and do not need any special treatment but the large ones are known to cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, obstruction, intussusceptions, and bleeding. The majority (90%) of these lesions are submucosal with predominantly right sided with a slight preponder...

[ 29 ] - Serum Adenosine Deaminase Activity and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Brucellosis

  Background and Objective: Brucellosis is a main transmittable zoonotic disease, which is endemic, and a common health burden in Iran. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an essential enzyme which is involved in purine metabolism and its role in immune system is very important. The aim of this study was to determine serum changes of ADA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with brucellosi...

[ 30 ] - Head and Neck Nerve Sheath Tumors: A 10-Year Evaluation in Iran

  Background and Objective: Approximately 45% of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) occur in head and neck regions. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are less common and only 8-15% of these tumors occur in head and neck region. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the demographic characteristics, pathologic findings, locations, main clinical presentations and family h...

[ 31 ] - Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease

  Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in developed countries. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, nowadays, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of infections contribute to pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,  (We investigated whether Helicobacter pylori infection is related to Prevalence of coronar...

[ 32 ] - Mid-Trimester Amniotic Fluid High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Level in the Prediction of Preterm Delivery

  Background and Objectives: Preterm labor is a serious problem in obstetrics, accounting for 70% of perinatal mortality. High sensitive C - reactive protein (HS-CRP) is a sensitive marker of Inflammation. Our aim in this study was to determine Amniotic fluid hs-CRP concentration and its correlation with pre-Term delivery.   Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on 90 p...

[ 33 ] - Differentiation Of Granulomatous Prostatitis From Prostate Carcinoma

  Background and Objective: Non-specific granulomatous prostatitis is an uncommon diffuse inflammatory condition of the prostate. It is important because it may be mistaken for prostatic carcinoma. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of non-specific granulomatous prostatitis (NSGP) and comparing the results of transrectal ultrasonography, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ...

[ 34 ] - The Diagnostic Value of Serum IgG-Antigliadin, IgA Anti-endomysial and IgA Anti-tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies for Pediatric Celiac Disease

  Background and Objective: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder, characterized by inflammation, villous atrophy, and crypt hyperplasia of the small bowel mucosa. In this study we considered and compared sensitivity and specificity of serological tests in patients with celiac disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study we prospectively recruited children with suspected c...

[ 35 ] - Seroprevalence of Human Immunodificiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Infection In Hemophilic Patients In Iran

  Background and Objective: Although transfusion therapy has lead to great improvement in longevity for hemophiliacs, but there have been tragic setbacks especially from transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) .HIV was reported to increase the rate of HCV-related liver failure by 4.2 times. In this study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HIV an...

[ 36 ] - Prevalence Of Various Kinds Of Glumerulonephritis Based On The Electron Microscope Findings

  Background and Objective: Glumerular diseases are among the most prevalent causes of renal chronic insufficiencies. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of various kinds of glumerulonephritis based on the findings of electron microscope. Materials and Methods: This study had a descriptive retrospective and cross sectional strategy. Slides of patients (124 cases) who had undergone kidn...

[ 37 ] - The Expression Of Biomarkers In Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of Breast Through Tissue Array Method And Its Comparison With Clinicopathologic Features

  Background and Objective: In this study, we explored expression rate, some biomarkers affecting the prognosis of the breast carcinoma, and the relationship between these markers and clinicopathologic features of the disease as well as the relationship between each of these markers through a tissue array technique. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational and cross-sectional st...

[ 38 ] - Histological Changes In Gastric Biopsies From Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Patients With And Without Peptic Ulcer

  Background and Objective: Long period risk of gastric carcinoma in people affected with chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis is 5 times more than normal people. Perhaps histological changes due to helicobacter pylori infection could be used for screening people at risk of gastric carcinoma and peptic ulcer. Materials and Methods: This study has been carried out as a cross...

[ 39 ] - Serratia Marcescens, An Opportunistic Gram Negative Infection In Cardiac Valve Surgery

  Serratia marcescens (S.M) is a species of gram–negative bacteria in the family enterobacteriaceae. A human pathogen, S. marcescens is involved in nosocomial infections, particularly in urinary tract and wound infections. This report describes a 63 years-old man that referred to hospital with dyspnea FC IV and he underwent cardiac valves replacement surgery with a diagnosis...

[ 40 ] - Comparison between Needle Biopsy under Guide of Conventional Computerized Tomography (CCT) and Fluoroscopic Computerized Tomography (FCT) in Abdominal, Mediastinal, Lung, Pelvic, Bone, and Liver Masses

Background and Objective: Computerized tomography and fluoroscopic computerized tomography are amongst the methods used for guiding needle biopsy processes; however, fluoroscopic computerized tomography demonstrates the images during the process of biopsy. This study aims to compare and contrast the success of biopsy under guide...

[ 41 ] - Relationship between Pathologic and Laboratory Data of Children Suffering from Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS): A Center study

Background and objective: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most prevalent cause of children renal insufficiency which in many cases (90%) occurs following diarrhea. Hemolytic microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency are main symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome. This stud...

[ 42 ] - Elevated Vancomycin Trough Concentration: Increased Efficacy and/or Toxicity?

Vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been changed over time and its average minimum inhibitory concentration increased from 1.5 to 1.75 mg/L. A recently published guideline by the American Society of Health Pharmacist recommended a daily dose of 15-20 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours of vancomycin to achieve a trough concentration between 15-20 mg/L for treatmen...

[ 43 ] - Reliability of Disk Diffusion Test Results for the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Nosocomial Gram-positive Microorganisms: Is E-test Method Better?

   Disk diffusion test is the usual applicable method for assessing the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in most institutions and hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of resistant-reported results of disk diffusion test for 6 routinely used antibiotics against Gram-positive microorganisms of nosocomial origin, using E-test method.    Over a 1-year period, clinic...

[ 44 ] - Elevated Vancomycin Trough Concentration: Increased Efficacy and/or Toxicity?

Vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been changed over time and its average minimum inhibitory concentration increased from 1.5 to 1.75 mg/L. A recently published guideline by the American Society of Health Pharmacist recommended a daily dose of 15-20 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours of vancomycin to achieve a trough concentration between 15-20 mg/L for treatmen...

[ 45 ] - Reliability of Disk Diffusion Test Results for the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Nosocomial Gram-positive Microorganisms: Is E-test Method Better?

   Disk diffusion test is the usual applicable method for assessing the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in most institutions and hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of resistant-reported results of disk diffusion test for 6 routinely used antibiotics against Gram-positive microorganisms of nosocomial origin, using E-test method.    Over a 1-year period, clinic...

[ 46 ] - Epidemiologic study of the cases with biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow

Abstract Background and objectives: Nowadays, hematologic disorders are leading health problems in our country. This study attempts to help Public heath planners to do prevention measures and to get ready for doing emergency actions in future. Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross- sectional Study, we worked on all biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow cases (N=469) referred to Dansh...

[ 47 ] - Concurrence of Nosocomial Infections with Microorganisms Spreading in the Air of Hospital Wards

Abstract Background and objectives: A Nosocomial infection is one of the Leading problems causing high mortality among hospitalized patients. This study aimed at confirming the concurrence of Nosocomial infections with microorganisms spreading in the air of hospital wards. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 2009 at ValieAsr Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The Samples were taken from th...

[ 48 ] - فراوانی عفونت ویروس اپشتین بار در افراد آلوده به ویروس نقص ایمنی انسان

زمینه و هدف : یکی از عفونت های فرصت طلب در بیماران مبتلا به ویروس نقص ایمنی انسانی، ویروس اپشتین بار می‌باشد که منجر به عوارض شدیدی در این بیماران می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه بررسی فراوانی ویروس اپشتین بار در بیماران مبتلا به ویروس نقص ایمنی انسان و مقایسه آن با جمعیت غیرمبتلا و ارتباط آن با تعداد لنفوسیت‌های C‏D4+ بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد ـ شاهدی آینده‌نگر دو گروه 114 نفری همسان(از ل...

[ 49 ] - Bacteria Producing Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and its Main Determinants

Background and Objective: There is a growing concern regarding the lack of new antibiotics, especially for multidrug-resistant bacteria that produce Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs). The present study aims to assess the prevalence of bacteria producing ESBLs, their antimicrobial resistance pattern, and its main determinants among hospitalized patients.Method...

[ 50 ] - تعیین محدوده طبیعی هورمون‌های TSH, FT4, T4 مورد استفاده در غربالگری هیپوتیروییدی نوزادان در یک مرکز ارجاعی شهر تهران

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is a major but preventable cause of mental backwardness in infants. In case of hypothyroidism in fetuses, certain complications will occur in vital organs like the central nervous system and the skeleton. Before screening programs were introduced, congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed with delay due to its few and non-specific symptoms during the first da...

[ 51 ] - Asymptomatic Isolated Retroperitoneal Castleman’s Disease: A Case Report

Castleman’s disease, giant lymph node hyperplasia, is a kind of benign lymphoproliferative disease with gentle behavior. Its etiology and prevalence are unclear. This rare disease is usually found in mediastinal area asymptomatically and incidentally. It is also rare to see this tumor in the retroperitoneum. In this study, we have introduced a 34-year-old woman who referred just with occasional...

[ 52 ] - Thalidomide attenuates the hyporesponsiveness of isolated atria to chronotropic stimulation in BDL rats: The involvement of TNF-α, IL-6 inhibition, and SOCS1 activation

Objective(s): Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a complication of uncured cirrhosis which is associated with hyporesponsiveness of the heart to sympathetic stimulation. The enhancement of portal pressure, nitric oxide (NO) level, pro-inflammatory mediators and down-regulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) are involved in this situations. The present study see...

[ 53 ] - The Difference of Expression of 18 Genes in Axillary Invasion and Vascular Invasion Compared to Control Samples in Breast Cancer

Background & Objective: Recent studies from gene profiling have revealed some genes that are overexpressed in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and are responsible for its initiation and activation resulting in tumor progression and metastasis. The present study aimed to assess the role of genes involved in the EMT process and the association of these genes wi...

[ 54 ] - The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Vulnerability Association with ABO/Rh Blood Types

Background & Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent emerging viral disease. Defining the epidemiological aspects and factors influencing the susceptibility of the patients to COVID-19 has been an ongoing struggle. In the present study, we have investigated the connection between ABO histo-blood group phenotypes and the COVID-19. Methods:...

[ 55 ] - Necessity of Routine Repeat Testing of Critical Values in Various Working Shifts

Background & Objective: Accurate and timely reporting of critical values is an important issue. There is some doubt whether repeat testing of critical values would offer any advantage over single testing or not. The aim of this study was evaluation of utility of routine repeat testing of critical values in our referral center and to compare probable variations in different work...

[ 56 ] - Comparison of patient-collected and lab technician-collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detection of COVID-19 by RT-PCR

Background & Objective:  A simple approach to prevent close contact in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 outbreak is to train patients to collect their own nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and deliver them to medical laboratories to have them processed. The aim of our study was to c...