jamshid Yazdani-charati

[ 1 ] - Effect of Probiotics on Infantile Colic Using the Quadratic Inference Functions

Background: Infantile colic is defined as episodes of extreme and excessive crying due to unknown causes. Various results have been reported regarding the management of colic with probiotics in terms of effectiveness, with no side effects or health risks in the infants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the infants with colic using the quadratic inference functions...

[ 2 ] - بررسی تماس شغلی با پارا فنیلن دی آمین ( PPD ) موجود در هوای استنشاقی آرایشگران زنانه شهر ساری و عوامل محیطی تاثیر گذار

Background and aims: Hairdressing because of using hair dyes, are exposed to PPD that endanger their health. Measuring the concentration of PPD is a sure way to evaluate the PPD facing rate. PPD causes leukemia and other blood disorders. PPD acute poisoning leads to respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis, muscle necrosis and renal failure, severe edema of the face and neck, increased serum lactat...

[ 3 ] - تحلیل بقای بیماران مبتلا به سرطان ریه با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی کاکس

Background and purpose: Lung cancer is the third cause of death and amongst the five common cancers in Iran. The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate of patients with lung cancer and identifying the variables influencing their survival. Materials and methods: In a retrospective cohort study, the data was extracted from the medical records of 259 patients with lung cancer who had ...

[ 4 ] - تاثیر بخور اکالیپتوس بر خشونت صدا و گلودرد ناشی از انتوباسیون بعد از عمل جراحی بای پس عروق کرونر

Background and purpose: Sore throat and hoarseness are some postoperative complications following endotracheal intubation and inflammation of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eucalyptus vapor on sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Materials and methods: In a clinic...

[ 5 ] - شناسایی عوامل موثر بر سالخوردگی جمعیت ایران در سال 1395

Background and purpose: Increase in elderly population of a country requires new policies and plans. Therefore, it is necessary to study the state of aging in the country and different provinces. This research aimed to study the status of population aging based on the recent census data and identifying effective factors in Iran. Materials and methods: Indicators of population aging, including ...

[ 6 ] - بررسی میزان مواد آلی کربنی و هیومیکی تصفیه خانه های آب شهرهای ساری و گرگان و تعیین کارایی ازناسیون کاتالیزوری در حذف و معدنی سازی

Background and purpose: Presence of natural organic substances in surface water supplies could be harmful and have adverse effects on drinking water treatment due to many practical and hygiene reasons. This study aimed at investigating the efficiency of catalytic ozonation process in removal and mineralization of humic substances in water resources in north of Iran. Materials and methods: Wate...

[ 7 ] - شیوع سندرم ساختمان بیمار در کارکنان بانک و ارتباط آن با برخی عوامل محیطی و رضایت شغلی

Background and purpose: According to the World Health Organization, sick building syndrome (SBS) is a common complication among office workers and its symptoms include inflammation of the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, dry cough, dizziness, confusion, fatigue, and sensitivity to smells. Most of the symptoms disappear by leaving the building. Inappropriate design of buildings, workers activities,...

[ 8 ] - بررسی عوامل موثر بر تاخیر در بستری بیماران با سکته قلبی حاد با استفاده از رگرسیون چندک

Background and purpose: Coronary artery disease is a major cause of death and disability in any society. The aim of this research was to evaluate the factors causing delay in admission of patients who need cardiac care. Materials and methods: In this descriptive analytic study, we used the files of patients attending a heart hospital affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical sciences ...

[ 9 ] - رابطه آلودگی هوا بر مرگ و میر ناشی از ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی و عروقی در شهر مشهد در سال 1390

Background and purpose: This study aimed at estimating the relationship between air pollution and mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Mashhad, Iran 2011, using negative binomial regression. Materials and methods: The dataset of mortality rates due to CVD and different types of these diseases in Mashhad were coded according to ICD 10. The dependent variable was the logaritm...

[ 10 ] - الگوی جغرافیایی روند سالخوردگی جمعیت استان مازندران طی سال های 1365 تا 1390 با استفاده از تحلیل خوشه ای سلسله مراتبی

Background and purpose: Population aging is one of the most important issues in demography that has attracted much attention. In Iran, the population is changing from young structure to an old structure. This fast transition calls for designing studies about population ageing in all provinces. This study was conducted to determine the population structure in Mazandaran province.  Materi...

[ 11 ] - بررسی عوامل موثر بر مدت زمان عود سرطان پستان با استفاده از مدل کاکس

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the disease-free survival rate, in female patients with breast cancer and determining the level of influencing factors. Materials and methods: In a retrospective cohort study, the records of 377 patients attending Mashhad Omid hospital, Iran, spanning the years 2006 to 2011 were selected using convenience sampling. The patients we...

[ 12 ] - Application of the Weibull Accelerated Failure Time Model in the Determination of Disease-Free Survival Rate of Patients with Breast Cancer

Background and Purpose: The goal of this study is application of the proportional hazards model (PH) and accelerated failure time model (AFT), with consideration Weibull distribution, to determine the level of effectiveness of the factors affecting on the level of disease-free survival (DFS) of the patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Based on the retrospective descriptive stu...

[ 13 ] - The effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after coronary artery bypass surgery

Cough is postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation as well as inflammation of the pharynx, larynx and trachea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were randomly divided int...

[ 14 ] - Investigation of the Lifting Speed on Lumber Muscles Activities

Purpose: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, and lifting is one of its risk factors. The activities of lumbar muscles as the main muscles involved in lifting are important with regard to identification of the allowable limits and the injury mechanisms as well as the motor control aspects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the lifting speed on the lumb...

[ 15 ] - بررسی وضعیت خدمات بهداشتی ارائه شده به افراد در آستانه ازدواج در ساری، 1393: یک مطالعه ترکیبی

سابقه و هدف: ازدواج عامل ایجاد خانواده، تکثیر و بقای نسل است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین وضعیت خدمات بهداشتی ارائه شده به افراد در آستانه ازدواج بود. مواد و روش ها :این پژوهش یک مطالعه ترکیبی بود که در بخش کمی، بصورت توصیفی-مقطعی 170 مراجعه کننده به مرکز بهداشت ساری که معیارهای ورود به پژوهش را داشته و به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده بودند با پرسشنامه محقق ساخته برپایه مقیاس لیکرت، بررسی شدند. بخش ک...

[ 16 ] - مطالعه رضایت شغلی کارکنان و عوامل مرتبط با آن درکارکنان یکی از بانکهای استان مازندران

Introduction and purpose: Job satisfaction is an understanding of the individual's inner responses, and researchers have referred to it as the most efficient concept for expressing an individual's assessment of the conditions in the work environment (activity and supervision). They believe that those who are more satisfied with their job are more committed to their organizat...

[ 17 ] - رابطه آلودگی هوا بر مرگ و میر ناشی از ابتلا به بیماری های مزمن ریوی و انسداد ریه (COPD) در شهر مشهد

Background and purpose: Air pollution causes respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study we aimed at statistical modeling of the effects of air pollution on mortality due to chronic pulmonary disease and COPD in Mashhad, Iran, using negative binomial regression. Materials and methods: Mortality data due to chronic pulmonary diseases and the average ...

[ 18 ] - بررسی شیوع وعلل آسیب های ناشی از وسایل نوک تیزو برنده و عوامل مرتبط باآن در پرستاران شهرستان ساری در سال 1396

[ 19 ] - The effect of unstable Shoe on Kinetic parameters associated with Lower limbs during walking among healthy male students.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of unstable shoes on lower limb kinetic parameters of walking in healthy male students with different geometric shapes. Today, various shoes have been developed to reduce the effects of injury parameters and improve performance parameters for walking.   Methods: 20 of the healthy male lambs were selected 178.96 ± 3.92 cm, 27 ± 3 y...

[ 20 ] - Factors Affecting the Progression of Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the progression of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: In this historical prospective cohort study, 728 patients with type 2 diabetes, attending Sari Tooba Clinic, were followed up for retinopathy. Data analysis was performed using accelerated failure time Weibull regression mod...

[ 21 ] - Correction to: Relationship between Air Pollution and Mortality Rate due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases in Mashhad, Iran

Correction to: Relationship between Air Pollution and Mortality Rate due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases in Mashhad, Iran     Narges Ghorbani1, Jamshid Yazdani-Charati2,  Siavash Etemadinejad3, Nasrin Ghorbani4   1 PhD Student in Biostatistics, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics,...

[ 22 ] - Prevalence of Radiographic Changes of Temporomandibular Joint Condyle in Patients with Skeletal Class II and III

Background and purpose: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are abnormalities that interfere with the shape or normal functioning of the joint, characterized by a group of clinical symptoms including pain, joint sounds, and limitation or deviation when opening the mouth. Considering the effect of skeletal relationships of the jaw on the shape, size, and morphologic variations of the condyle...

[ 23 ] - Epidemiological Study of Tuberculosis in Northern Iran

Background & Purpose:  One of the most important united nation Millennium Development Goals is to control Tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to identify the high-risk areas of TB and other related factors of it in an epidemiological study. Materials & Methods:  In this retrospective study, the records of 1566 TB infected patients in healthcare centers of 17 cities of Mazandaran University of ...

[ 24 ] - Communication skills and anxiety during pregnancy in nulliparous women: A cross-sectional study in an Iranian setting

Background: Physiological and psychological impacts of pregnancy may relate to anxiety symptoms in nulliparous women. An effective communication between couples can have protective effects against anxiety in this period. Objectives: The present study intended to assess the relationship between communication skills and the anxiety during pregnancy in nulliparous women. Methods: This study adhe...

[ 25 ] - Total delay and associated factors in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Golestan province

Background: Delay in diagnosis and treatment of TB is a critical component in TB control program which thereby spreading illness in the community. Sicnce Golestan province has the high risk with high rates of tuberculosis in the country, therefore, the analysis of the factors associated with treatment delay in this province for effective interventions and proper planning is considered necessary...

[ 26 ] - The effect of a workstation designed for Sewing, on the neck and shoulder muscles of users

Background and Aims: Sewing is one of the occupations where the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is high. Sewing conditions at the workstation have made them synonymous with musculoskeletal injuries in various areas of the body, particularly pain in the neck, shoulder, and upper back and even waist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a workstation designed for tailor...

[ 27 ] - Evaluation of Some Caries-Related Factors in the Saliva of 3-5 Year Old Children in Sari, Northern Iran

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in pre-school children. Several factors can affect caries process. Aim of this study was comparison of some of the chemical properties of saliva such as total antioxidant capacity, total protein, pH, nitric oxide level in caries free (CF), and caries active (CA) children.<...

[ 28 ] - ارزیابی مقایسه ای پوسچرهای کاری شاغلین یک شرکت صنعتی قبل و بعد از مداخله ارگونومی با رویکرد مشارکتی

چکیدهزمینه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در بروز آسیب‌های اسکلتی عضلانی پوسچر نامطلوب بدن هنگام کار است. مداخلات ارگونومی به منظور بهبود پوسچر کاری امری ضروری است. رویکرد مشارکتی عرصه جدیدی در طرح‌ریزی و اجرای مداخلات است. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه پوسچر های کاری شاغلین یک شرکت صنعتی قبل و بعد از مداخله ارگونومی با رویکرد مشارکتی بود.مواد و روش ها: پژوهش شبه تجربی حاضر از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی می ب...

[ 29 ] - Survy of Influence of inlet Type and Position on the Performance of Jet Pulse bag house System

Background and Objective:Pulse jet systems are of interest due to their high filtration velocity,They're used as inlets from top and bottom. the purpose of this study was to compare the pressure drop and collection efficiency at the different inlet positions in a baghouse Methods and Materials:In this experimental study, a pilot system was designed at 12ft/min permeability for MDF particles.Fo...

[ 30 ] - Diversity and Abundance of Medically Important Flies in In Golestan province, during 2018-2019

Background and Aim: The flies are important for the mechanical transmission of pathogens, disease myiasis and forensic entomologist studies in the area. Detection and identification of species in different area, the first and most important Method to control vector-borne diseases in the area. Methods: This is a Descriptive - Cross-sectional study that was sampling in two urban and rural parts, ...

[ 31 ] - Heavy Metal Content in Cigarette and Hookah Tobacco in Iran

 Background and purpose: Excessive intake of heavy metals has adverse health effects and smoking is one of the sources of these elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of 11 heavy metals in tobacco of different widely-consumed brands of cigarettes and hookahs in Iran. Materials and methods: Concentrations of nine types of cigarettes and four types of hookah tobacc...

[ 32 ] - An Ex vivo Analysis of Apical Transportation in Root Canals Prepared with BT Race Rotary and Hand K-Flexofile by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Background and purpose: The purpose of mechanical cleaning of the root canal is to clean the canal walls, create a conical shape to facilitate access, effective washing, and filling all areas of the root canal. Errors such as root canal transportation are cuased by excessive dentin removal from the canal. The objective of this study was to investigate root canal transportation by a BT Race rota...

[ 33 ] - Effect of Mindfulness-based Metacognitive Skills Training on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Well-being in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background and purpose: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer from a variety of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based metacognitive skills training on depression, anxiety, stress, and sense of well-being in patients with SLE. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial with pre-...

[ 34 ] - Shear Bond Strength of Metallic and Ceramic Brackets Bonded with Two-step and Three-step Light Cure Adhesives

  Background and purpose: The bonding process is highly important in orthodontic treatment for its fast speed. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of ceramic and metallic brackets between three stage (transbondTM XT) and two stage (GC ortho connectTM) light cure composites. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 80 maxillary and mandibular first and sec...

[ 35 ] - Efficiency of Modified Zeolite with Cationic Surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Removal of Diazinon from Aqueous Solutions

Background and purpose: Diazinon is one of the most widely used pesticides in agricultural pest control that pollutes water resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adsorption of diazinon from water by zeolite modified with cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA). Materials and methods: The amount of HDTMA surfactant used to modify the zeolite was one-fold E...

[ 36 ] - Association between Socio-economic Factors and Geographical Pattern of Death Due to Cardiovascular Diseases in Kurdistan Province

Background and purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the geographical distribution of mortality rates caused by cardiovascular diseases in Kurdistan province and to identify the high risk areas. Materials and methods: This ecological study was done using the data on mortality due to due to cardiovascular disease in Kurdistan province, Iran 2013-2015. To determine the standardized...

[ 37 ] - Effect of Different Tapered Gutta Percha Cones in Apical Microleakage of Human Root Canal Obturation

Background and purpose: Gutta-percha is generally accepted as the main canal filler. Standard gutta-percha cones are available in 2-10% tapers. The purpose of this study was to compare apical microleakage of canals obturated with different tapers of gutta-percha, using the protein penetration technique. Materials and methods: In this study, 96 maxillary anterior teeth were selected and were pr...

[ 38 ] - Prevalence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in University Students and Its Relation with Anxiety

Background and purpose: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) or oral aphthous are among the most common problems in adults. Stressful events could cause these ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis among students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with anxiety. Materials and methods: In this analytical cr...

[ 39 ] - Dental Treatment Needs in Thalassemia Major Patients, Sari, Iran

Background and purpose: Patients with thalassemia major need more dental care because of their special health conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental health and therapeutic needs of these patients in Sari, Iran 2018. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a researcher-made form and direct observation in 144 cases attending Sari Thalassemi...

[ 40 ] - Relationship between Length and Width of Maxillary Central Teeth and Facial Indices in Patients with Complete Denture

 Background and purpose: In tooth selection for dentures, the size of the tooth is really important. To estimate the size, a group of landmarks of the face have been investigated. This study evaluated the relationship between the length and width of maxillary central incisors and measurable indices of the face in patients with complete denture. Materials and methods: A descriptive-analytic cro...

[ 41 ] - Investigation of Formaldehyde Concentration in the Air of an Anatomy Hall and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors

Introduction and purpose: Formaldehyde is used as a disinfectant and preservative for preserving the mummy’s body. The compound is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in the Human Cancer Group. This study aimed to investigate the rate of exposure to formaldehyde vapors in an anatomy hall and its relationship with environmental factors. Methods: This descriptive study ...

[ 42 ] - Effect of Noise Exposure on the Occupational Stress of Bus Drivers in Bojnourd, Iran in 2018

Introduction and purpose: Noise is one of the most harmful physical issues in a workplace that can cause stress. Transit bus drivers are exposed to environmental and bus noises that can act as stressors for them. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine the effect of noise exposure on occupational stress of bus drivers in Bojnourd, Iran in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional descri...

[ 43 ] - Relationship between Cognitive Status and Medication Adherence among Elderly Patients with Hypertension

Introduction and purpose: Poor medication adherence may result in adverse outcomes, such as a higher rate of hospitalization and increased costs of healthcare. In this regard, the present study was designed to determine the relationship between cognitive status and medication adherence among elderly patients with hypertension. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 180 elderly patients with h...

[ 44 ] - Quality of Work Life and Job Burnout and Determining Its Related Factors in Golestan Health Inspectors

Background and purpose: Health inspectors are faced with high levels of workload and stress. There is lack of evidence on the relationship between job burnout and the quality of working life in this group. So, research on this issue is highly needed. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on census based population (n=245 health inspectors) in Go...

[ 45 ] - Patient-centered care with the Patient Rights Charter approach: A qualitative study

  Introduction Patient-centered care is one of the major priorities of the health system to improve patient safety and satisfaction, but in many cases it is not provided in accordance with the Patient Rights Charter. Therefore, the present study aimed to design a patient-centered model of care with the approach of the Charter of Patient Rights in Arbitrary Hospitals of the Ministry of Health o...

[ 46 ] - Relationship between Oral Health and Risk of Falls in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

  Background and purpose: Poor oral hygiene and falls are common problems that older people encounter. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between oral health and the risk of falls in the elderly hemodialysis patients. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medi...

[ 47 ] - Seroepidemiologic Survey of Hepatitis A in Mazandarani Pilgrims before Going to Karbala in Arbaeen Pilgrimage in 2018

  Background and purpose: Recently, due to the reduction of hepatitis A in Iran there are people with low or no Hepatitis A Virus- Antibody (HAV-Ab), therefore, people at Arbaeen Pilgrimage are at risk for hepatitis A. This study aimed at examining HAV-Ab in pilgrims traveling from Mazandaran province, Iran to Karbala in 2018. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in...

[ 48 ] - Identifying the Best Parametric Model of Survival Analysis to Determine the Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay in Burn Patients in Mazandaran Province, 2013-2019

Background and purpose: Hospital Length of Stay (LoS) is a good indicator of the quality of hospital care. The purpose of this study was to identify the best standard models for survival analysis to determine the factors affecting the length of hospital stay in burn patients. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, the hospital records of 460 burn patients hospitalized in Sari Sh...

[ 49 ] - Sensitization to Food and Aeroallergens in Patients with Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Urticaria

Background and Aims: Allergic disorders such as asthma, urticaria, eczema, and allergic rhinitis are common worldwide, and allergens are the most common etiology and exacerbating factors. So, This study aimed to find the allergens in these patients with skin prick tests. Materials and Methods: All the allergic cases referred to an allergic clinic in the north of Iran were visited by an allergi...

[ 50 ] - Investigating the usability of an Integrated Research Automation System (SEAT): Heuristic Evaluation

Background and Objectives: Today, many hardware and software products, including office automation software, and web-based websites are used by employees, including professors and employees of different departments in offices. Websites are considered one of the main aspects of competition in any organization. This study aims to investigate the usability of the Integrated Research Automation Sys...

[ 51 ] - Comparison of oral health-related quality of life among patients with osteoporosis and healthy individuals

Introduction: Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease associated with decreased bone mass and structural disorders. Complications of osteoporosis affect the quality of life by affecting the psychological and physical dimensions of life. Osteoporosis can affect the oral health of middle-aged and older people. This study compared the oral health-related quality of life (OHI...

[ 52 ] - Prevalence and Severity of COVID-19 and Missed Job Opportunities among Healthcare Workers in Mazandaran Province, February-June 2020

Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an uncontrolled disease burden on healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in HCWs of selected hospitals in Mazandaran province and examine the association between COVID-19 and missed opportunities of HCWs. Materials and methods: In this retrospective descriptive-analytical stu...

[ 53 ] - Application of Logistic Regression in Determining Factors Affecting Hypertension: Findings of the Tabari Cohort Study

 Background and purpose: Hypertension is a global problem due to its consequences. Recognizing warning signs and taking necessary measures are effective in preventing the disease and its complications. We used the logistic regression model to determine the factors affecting blood pressure based on the results of the Tabari Cohort Study. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-a...

[ 54 ] - Efficacy of Stretching Exercises on Fibromyalgia Impact and Quality of Life in Patients under Medical Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial, 2021

 Background and purpose: There is no specific treatment for fibromyalgia. Previous studies suggest that exercise is helpful in controlling the symptoms and psychosocial aspects of the disease. Stretching exercises are emphasized less than aerobic and resistance exercises in these patients. The main reason for re-examining this issue in current study was the contradictory feedback of patients wi...

[ 55 ] - Relationship between Organizational Resilience and Job Satisfaction in a Hospital in Mazandaran Province, 2021

 Background and purpose: Enhancing hospitals’ resilience is an essential step towards improving the ability of the system to deal with crisis and minimizing the consequences. Job satisfaction is an important factor in the nurses’ turnover intention that can increase the quality of patient care. In this study, the level of hospital resilience and job satisfaction and the relationship between the...

[ 56 ] - Diversity assessment and the effect of temperature and humidity on the relative abundance of medically important fly species in Fouladshahr, Isfahan, 2019

Introduction: Flies are able to mechanically transmit many pathogenic agents due to their close relationship with humans. Identification and species determination of flies for understanding of their current status and planning for their control, as well as considering the important role of flies in the ecosystem and their biological functions in biological studies, is essential. The purpose of ...