the Reports of Historical Resources and the Holy Quran (A Case Study on the Battles of Badr and Uhud)

Although the Quran is not a historical book, it has presented some reports from the events of the prophetic era. These reports in the era of the last prophet (p.b.u.h) were subject to criticism and evaluation of the Quran opponents. Therefore, if there were any defects latent in the historical reports of the Quran, or if there were any false report included in these reports, it would naturally be criticized by them. During the next periods, the historians embarked on writing the history of the prophetic age and used the Quran along with other resources. Now, the question poses itself as: may one consider the reports of the narrators from the events to be in conflict with the appearance of the Quranic reports or not? As is known by the paper, some conflicts between the reports of the resources and those of the Quran could be observed; with analyzing eleven cases, the conflict has been confirmed in most of them. For ease of the analysis of the subject domain, the reports have been limited to two battles (Badr and Uhud) and in comparison with the Quran, only three historical resources were used. In order to achieve the results of the study, the methods of the Shiite Imams toward the Quran during the history as well as "analytic-descriptive" and "comparative" methods were applied.