The Proposed Method of using Plaster Nails for Fixing the Jouq Garden Monument Ceiling Painting Ornaments (Morteza Gholi Khan Egbalosaltaneh Palace, Sardar Maku)

The method of using plaster nails for fixing the mansion of Morteza Gholi Khan Egbalosaltaneh, the commander of Maku, in Qajar period was purposed. These paintings are important for art researchers since it is the beginning of a kind of innovation in Iranian art in Gajar period (Fig.1). The western elements have been used in the interior design of the mansion and the execution of interior decorations such as the spaces colors and the most delicate arrangements in architectural ornamentations in terms of painting in the interior and exterior spaces (Table 1). The techniques of making painting layers in Qajar period have been employed in this monument which supporting layer, liners, the substrate and material layers are aligned with the same period historical houses resulted during the comparative studies (Fig.2). The damage to the decoration layers on the ceiling of the rooms that are unique in the subject matter is one of the most important damages to these ceilings, where the cracks are seen on the layer surfaces. Moreover, strengthening of the wooden support was accomplished by using a geo-grid mesh with the formation of a plaster board (Fig.3). First of all, there was a problem due to the sensitivity of the subject of restoration interference, simulation and prototype for the implementation of the proposal, in which the case study specimen was built in order to implement the proposed method using homogeneous materials with the historical value of the same period. In this way, the layers were arranged with reconstructing the lamellar layer, substrate layer and reinforcing the lining layer via galvanized hooks and wire for integration (Fig.4). The first step was the molding of the sample with the liners, substrates and supports layers (Fig.5). The next stage, reinforcement of the substrate and wooden support layers, was then performed exactly as the original (Fig.6). The plaster nail points were determined at defined intervals for influencing the level of layer engagement and holes were created from the bottom of the specimen to form a well-formed hole with a drill no. 12. The liner to substrate layers were evacuated using a drill bit with a diameter of 40 mm and a gimlet drill with 40mm diameter (Fig.7). The gimlet drill penetration was done in depth of the substrate layer in two steps. At each step of drilling, the dusts were removed using air compressor. A chamber larger than the gimlet drill diameter was created cautiously in the interval of 10 mm from the supporting layer and the painting layer, in the depth of the substrate and the liner layers using a drill in 35 mm diameter. This chamber was created for better bonding of plaster nails in a broad scope. For more connection of the plaster nail and also creating a broad network and transfer of load bearing in the liners and substrate layers on the plaster board layer, the holes with a 45 degree angle to the vertical hole of the plaster chamber were created (Fig. 8). In order to create a plaster nail, before pouring sharp plaster with a diluted solution of Pelexitol glue (10%) in the created chamber, the plaster nail reinforcement was used by galvanized wire to connect the plaster nails to the joists of wooden beams as the most important points (Fig.9). Due to the fact that in the later stages, the implemented specimens showed a better performance with the color differences from the reinforced plasterboard, substrate and liner layers, plastering was done using pigmented plaster in a different color. The plaster used in a smaller amount, was poured into the heeltap compartment with a solution of Pelexitol glue (10%) in stages. At this stage, a throbbing was performed using sequestering in the plaster slurry. Failure to create a seismic during the grouting causes bubbles in the plaster nail, which is one of the disadvantages of this method (Fig.10). In the final stage, after the creation of the plaster nails, a simulated specimen was cut from the middle portion in order to show the performance of the plaster nails and the amount of penetration in the substrate and the liner layers (Fig.11).