The Position of Tribe and Urban Structure in Social Compatibility of Sham and Iraq in Umayyad Era

The Arabic-Islamic Umayyad state, as the first Islamic dynasty, managed to have the monopoly of tribal discourse in Islamic world in 40 AH through conquering the already dominant religious theocracy discourse. Umayyad caliphs succeeded in conquering the occidental world to Andalusia and the oriental world to middle Asia by the help of creating a sort of social solidarity. These conquests took place in light of a sort of solidarity. The present research undertakes a descriptive-analytical approach. It addresses the question of tribe and urban organization influence in social compatibility of Umayyad era, and it attempts to explicate and interpret the above-mentioned solidarity and compatibility. The results of this study indicate that some parameters have given rise to the social solidarity realization, such as some caliphs’ tact in making tribal equilibrium, assimilating influential tribes, paying close attention to texture and structure of the cities of Sham.