The Effects of Synthesized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Electromagnetic Field on Cell Death of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Introduction: Iron oxide nanoparticles, owing to their very small size and superparamagnetic properties, have been considered a potential candidate for several medical applications such as magnetic cell separation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic targeted drug delivery magnetichyperthermia. The present study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and determine the mechanism by which they induce cell death in the presence of an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELMF). Methods: First, SPIONs were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. A vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to measure the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of SPION in the absence and presence of a 50-Hz ELMF for 24 and 48 h. Cytotoxicity and cell viability percentage in the treated cells were measured by the MTT (3-(4,5-di- methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: DLS and TEM analyses indicated that the SPIONs have an average size of less than 30 nm and they are superparamagnetic. VSM analyses also confirmed the superparamagnetic nature of the nanoparticles. The MTT assay indicated that high concentrations of SPIONs induced death in MCF-7 cells. In the groups treated with ELMF+SPIONs, cell death increased sharply compared with that in the groups treated with each treatment alone (P≤0.05).  Conclusions: It seems that a 50-Hz ELMF in the presence of SPIONs led to cell death due to local heating.