Risk factors and prevention of delinquency in children and adolescents From the perspective of judges, social workers and school principals of Mazandaran province)

Introduction: delinquency is an unusual behavior and a form of social deviance. And its spread endangers social life. Therefore, recognizing the effective factors in endangering them in the field of crime and then providing the necessary and appropriate preventive solutions, especially from the perspective of experts, is necessary. Method: This research is Survey and Applied research. The Statistical Society includes Judicial authorities, school Managers and social workers in Mazandaran State in 1399. According to Cochranchr('39')s formula, 384 people were considered as a statistical sample and this number was selected by cluster random sampling. The research tool for collecting data was a researcher-made questionnaire that was created in accordance with the purpose and assessment of the attitude of the sample population. From 22 cities of Mazandaran State, 8 cities were randomly selected and 50 N from each city were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire. Chi-square and Friedman statistics were used to determine the knowledge of the sample views and generalize the results to the statistical population. Results: The results showed that from the perspective of the sample, family economic status, family supervision and control, and family moral and educational patterns are effective on juvenile delinquency. Also, in their view, children and adolescents who use cyberspace have the highest tendency to commit crimes related to public decency and defamation, and also one of the highest crime rates of children and adolescents related to street violence. The type of upbringing and family ethics was considered the most important variable affecting the dependent variable. Discussion: The findings of the present study have confirmed the foundations and hypotheses of many social, psychological, economic and criminological theories. Also, the new approach of "social prevention" by interfering in the development process of individuals seeks to influence the personality and social environment around them to prevent the transition from thought to criminal action through the establishment of effective social programs in economic, cultural, social and political fields.