Psychometric feature of the child and parent versions of psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) in children with chronic pain and their parents

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the child and parent's version of psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) in the population of children with chronic pain and their parents. Methods: The sample consisted of 112 pairs of children and parents, selected through available sampling method from the Tehran Children's Hospitals. The PIPS questionnaire along with KIDScreen scale (to measure well-being), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (the Youth Self-Report (YSR)) (to measure negative mood) and Visual Analogous Scale (VAS) (to measure pain severity) was implemented on them. Results: The reliability results of PIPS showed that the Cronbach's alpha for the child and parent versions was 0.66 and 0.82, respectively. In addition, the rerun correlation of child and parent versions was significant and acceptable, ranging from 0.47 to 0.78. Moreover, the highest correlation between PIPS dimensions in two versions of the child and parent was 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. The convergent and divergent validity of the PIPS showed that this questionnaire had a negative and significant correlation with the KID Screen scale and had a positive and significant correlation with the CBCL, YSR and VAS. Conclusions: The results of the exploratory factor analysis of this questionnaire revealed new factors. The exploratory factor analysis of child version indicated four factors (the factors 1, 3 and 4 are related to avoidance, and factor 2 measures the fusion) and in the confirmation factor analysis, the good fitting of these new factors was confirmed.