Perception of fear and adoption of risk control for hookah use among male students: using the extended parallel process model

Hookah use has become popular among adults, especially young students. And this is an important issue for the future of society. More knowledge is needed to examine. This study determination the use of hookah with using the extended parallel process model. Among student in Mashhad has been. This study was a cross sectional research on male student in Mashhad on bachelor education in 91-92 academic years was. A total of 400 male students were participated in this cross sectional study in Mashhad. A sampling method was used in the present study. A questionnaire based on EPPM was used to collect the data. The results showed 30.8% of students in the past two months, have had history of smoking hookah. In this study 74.5% of these students are now friend’s hookah.Also 91.2% of them stated they hookah from friends offered or suggested.The score mean of perceived sensitivity the possibility of adverse outcomes in students smoking hookah (87.3) and much lower among hookah (43.7), respectively.The score mean of Perceived severity at risk students (61.9) and the hookah students (31.4), respectively.The mean score perceived effectiveness in student’s hookah (48.6) lower than students at risk (57.6), and non-hookah (69.4), respectively.The score mean of Perceived self-efficacy Students non-hookah (87.3) above than two groups at risk (81.2) and students use hookah (41.3). Results of this study showed that the rate of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of undesirable outcome regarding to the hookah was low among the studied population.Generally students in the process control risk Effects of smoking hookah.Therefore recommended applying extended parallel process model and implemented appropriate educational interventions that increase perceived susceptibility and perceived severity Effects of hookah in this group.