Investigating the role of temporary and emergency shelter locating in green spaces and playground on children mental resilience, Case study:the 1396 Kermanshah earthquake

Background and objectives: disasters lead to the experience of trauma in the children. On average, one in three children with trauma, one of them has symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, planning and managing the transition from crisis to normal conditions during the temporary and emergency sheltering phase is important as a starting point for recovery. The present study deals with the location of emergency and temporary shelter in green spaces and playground and its role on psychological resilience and stress reduction in children of  the 1396 Kermanshah earthquake. Method: Due to the limitations of verbal communication with the child on the one hand and completion of temporary and emergency accommodation time, on the other hand, the present study selected a qualitative approach using photo-novella visual expression and unstructured interviewing during the research process. The process executed in a hierarchical manner in three stages. The statistical population consisted of 35 children from Kermanshah community aged 5-11 years and were selected purposefully. Research data were quantified using SPSS software and Q factor analysis, and brainstorming on children's preferences for post-disaster shelter locations was extracted. Findings: According to the findings, the preferences of all the children in the study were locating shelters in green spaces and playground, which indicates the child's intrinsic cognition and attraction to such spaces. Secondly, it was found that the importances of defined spaces such as designed landscapes and designed landscapes and playground, within the community, were more than natural landscapes and undefined landscapes and playgrounds. In the second place there were spaces with the possibility of playing against those without. The reasons for this, are the sense of security in defined spaces and the need for physical activity and play. In the third phase of the study, it was found that the importance of peer communication and social relationships can increase the priority of undefined spaces in the previous stage and confirm the strong role of social support and communication in the mental recovery of children. Conclusion: According to the results, among the Kermanshah Disaster affected children, the priority is locating post-disaser shelter in playgrounds and green spaces with the possibility of play, improved cognitive performance, physical activity and a sense of security. Therefore, according to the conceptual framework of research, mental health and resilience will result from experiencing spaces with such capabilities.