Evaluation of the Possibility of Chromosomal and Plasmid-Dependent Antibiotic-Transferable Genes in Acinetobacter Genomic Isolates Isolated from Clinical Specimens and genotype

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and has an extraordinary ability to obtain antimicrobial resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant strains and producers of AmpC beta-lactamases of this bacterium cause serious infectious diseases in different parts of the hospital and in hospitalized people, and the treatment of such infections is facing serious problems due to widespread resistance to antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and to investigate the possibility of chromosomal and plasmid genes resistant to antibiotics in the genomic islets of this bacterium. Methods: In this study, 60 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii species were collected from clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method and PCR method to identify chromosomal and plasmid genes resistant to antibiotics (DHA, CIT and MOX). Results: The highest resistance was to ampicillin (98.3%) and the lowest was to colistin (35%). Resistance above 90% was observed in 12 antibiotics out of 15 studied antibiotics, and out of 60 isolates, 98.34% were resistant to more than 8 antibiotics and only one sample was sensitive to all. : The frequencies of DHA, CIT and MOX genes were 1 (2%), 7 (12%), 27 (46%), respectively. 24 isolates (40%) were negative for all three genes. The frequency of MOX gene isolates was directly related to antibiotic resistance Conclusion: The results show a high percentage of MOX genes that are directly related to antibiotic resistance, however, the presence of these genes and their relationship with antibiotic resistance need further investigation. The high resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics was very worrying because it is difficult to control and treat this bacterium. The only effective antibiotic that can be used to treat infections associated with this bacterium is colistin, which is also increasing its resistance.