Detection of Clindamycin in Pharmaceutical Products using an Electrochemiluminescence Electrode based on a Composite of Ru(bpy)3²+, Eu2O3 Nanoparticle and Chitosan

In this study, the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) interaction of clindamycin and tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) was used to develop a sensitive tool for the detection of clindamycin based on modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with nanoparticles of europium oxide. The experiments showed that in the presence of these inorganic nanoparticles (Eu2O3 NPs) the ECL signal is enhanced. The optimal ECL response of the electrode was found to linearly change with the concentration of clindamycin from 3.0×10-14 to 1.0×10-6 mol L-1 (R2= 0.9909) and a detection limit of as low as 7.4×10-15 mol L-1 (S/N=3) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.0 % was observed. The method was compared and found to be better than previously reported ones, in terms of sensitivity, and the analysis of the analyte by proposed method was successful in pharmaceutical formulations using HPLC as a reference method.