Comparison of two methods of concurrent training and ginger intake on visfatin and metabolic syndrome in overweight women

  Background: In recent years, because of improved screening diseases due to inactivity, various sphysical activity has been proposed as solutions has justified the requirement of preventive of strategies such as lifestyle. Obesity and overweight are one of the growing problems of todaychr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s society and threatens the health situation around the world (1). The physical, psychological, social, and economic effects of obesity have made it one of the most complex health problems of our century, and the number of obese people in the world continues to rise (2,3). The phenomenon of obesity and overweight affects all races and age groups and sexes, given that obesity itself can cause various diseases such as hypertension or fatty liver, the effects of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue are more colorful. visfatin is an adipocaine that is mainly secreted from visceral adipose tissue and increases in humans and obese animals. In this case, the global focus on medicinal plants is increasing day by day because it may have fewer negative effects (4,5,6). Ginger is widely used as a spice around the world. In the past, this plant was used as an important part of Chinese medicine, Indian medicine and Greek herbal medicine for the treatment of neurological diseases, colds, rheumatism, gingivitis, toothaches, asthma, stroke, constipation and diabetes (11,12,13). A comparison of two methods of parallel training and ginger consumption on visfatin and metabolic syndrome indices of overweight women was performed. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. 32 overweight women with an average age of 30-45 years from Tehran, located on 15 district, randomized divided into four groups of 8, including resistance training and Ginger consumption, resistance training + high intensity training and ginger consumption, high intensity training + resistance training and ginger consumption and high intensity training and ginger consumption were divided. Subjects participated in a parallel exercise program (two groups) for 8 weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 35 minutes (19,20). All subjects consumed ginger in 250 mg capsules for 8 weeks while maintaining a consistent dietary calorie intake in four meals (21). Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. After performing the last training session and 48 hours after it, as in the pre-test stage, the subjects in 4 groups in the night fasting position, blood sampling and related measurements were performed again. Immediately after blood sampling, blood samples were poured into the Falcon tube to coagulate, then the blood samples were placed in a centrifuge and the device was turned on at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. After this time, the tubes were removed from the device and the serum was removed. Blood samples were stored in the freezer -70 until the relevant tests were performed. To measure visfatin, visfatin kit (human visfatin C-terminal made by Phoenix USA) with a coefficient of variation of 2.5 and a sensitivity of 1.2 ng / ml and the catalog number cat. No: E0025 Hu and the ELISA reader were used. Insulin was measured using a diaplus kit made in the USA with a sensitivity diaplus kit made in the USA with a sensitivity of 0.25 and a catalog number of 1606.15. Also, the amount of fasting blood sugar by enzymatic colorimetric method with the help of glucose oxidase (glucose kit, Pars Azmoun company) with a change coefficient of 4.7 was used. Insulin resistance was calculated using resting concentrations of glucose and insulin and using the formula  405 / plasma glucose (mg / dL) پل plasma insulin. Measurement of fats and lipoproteins using HDL measuring kit (manufactured by Mercodia, Sweden with a sensitivity of less than 1 mg per deciliter and calorimetric method), cholesterol (manufactured by Pars Azmoun Iran with a sensitivity of 3 mg / dL) Enzymatic (triglyceride) (manufactured by Pars Azmoun Iran with a sensitivity of less than 1 mg / dl and photometric method) and LDL kit (manufactured by Pars Azmoun Iran with a sensitivity of less than 1 mg per liter of photometric method) were performed. To measure height, Seca 786 height tester was used, to calculate fat percentage and body mass index, Tanita body composition device made in Turkey and also to estimate the maximum oxygen consumption, Rockport test was used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Confirmation of data normality was obtained through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Therefore, to compare intergroup changes and intra group changes, analysis of covariance and paired t-test were used and alpha was considered at the level of 0.05, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and dependent t-test. Results: The values of the studied variables in the present study in two stages of pre-test and post-test in the 4 groups studied and also the amount of changes within the group (changes of each group compared to the pre-test stage) Findings showed that eight weeks of training and consumption of ginger had a significant increase in visfatin levels, insulin resistance in overweight women decreased significantly. (p <0-05). However, it had no significant effect on fat profile and body mass index in women (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The main finding of the present study was that despite the increase in visfatin, decrease in insulin and insulin resistance and WHR, no significant changes were observed in overweight individuals. Based on the research background, the results are contradictory in the effects of two parallel training methods associated with ginger consumption. On the other hand, according to the findings of this study, the two methods of parallel exercise and ginger consumption could not change the cholesterol level in overweight women. Also, the results showed that two methods of parallel exercise with ginger consumption on lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, TG) and cholesterol in overweight women has no effect. The findings of this study on the ineffectiveness of the two methods of parallel training and ginger consumption on triglycerides are not consistent with the findings of many animal studies. It seems that the parallel training method (resistance + periodic) compared to other training protocols reduces some It is more effective than indicators of metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Parallel Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, jinger, Visfatin