Comparison of the capacity of BuyBack and IPC contracts from the perspective of technological learning in the upstream part of the oil industry

development of the oil industry requires the development of technology, and one of the contractual benefits in the upstream part of the oil industry is related to this. Realization and strengthening of technological learning in this industry can be considered as one of the most important dimensions of development in it. question of the present study is, first of all, what are the factors affecting technological learning in the upstream part of the oil industry? And second, which of the two upstream Buyback contract and IPC frameworks has the greatest capacity to deliver technological learning? Therefore, after conducting documentary and library studies, initial statistics of the factors affecting technological learning were performed and in the next stage, in order to complete and validate the identified factors, specialized interview tools with experts were used and the final factors were presented. In the next step, different related clauses were identified in both reciprocal sale contract buyback and IPC. After forming the matrix of clauses and factors, the coverage of each factor in different clauses of both frameworks was analyzed. results show that none of the contractual frameworks has the capacity to fully cover the technological learning factors, although the contractual IPC framework in this field is in a better position than cross-selling. Technology development is more than the capacity of these contracts.