Comparison of the altar (Mihrab) of the mosques of the Buyids to the Timurid era (Razi and Azeri style) in Isfahan province based on the shape domain

As a symbol of Islam, Mihrabs in mosques have always held a special place and importance; therefore, they have been carefully and skillfully ornamented by artists of all times. As the basic element in mosques, Mihrabs, also known as prayer niches, have been paid attention to by artists of all periods. Mihrabs belonging to Razi and Azari styles in Isfahan are unique and of significance both in terms of quantity, diversity, and abundance of samples and in the use of patterns and ornaments. No study has been conducted so far in these areas to comparatively categorize the physical and structural properties of the mihrabs belonging to Razi and Azari styles. Studying them is one of the ways to find out the art history and the current architecture of the time. This study has used the comparative method to study the features of Mihrabs in mosques in Isfahan from Al-Buyid to the Timurid era. The evolution in building Mihrabs from Azari to Razi style is often in the form of the façade and together with changes in the proportions. No significant difference has been observed as far as the plan is concerned. The form features that are common and frequent in Mihrabs include using a rectangular frame, two false arches and four pillars. In both styles, a wide margin surrounds the Mihrab. One of the specific features of the Azari style samples is using a forehead in the upper part. Iranian and Islamic proportions were common in both styles.