Comparing the Expression Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase, Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 Genes in Embryonic Stem Cells, Spermatogonial Stem Cells, and Embryonic Stem-Like Cells in Mice

Background and purpose: Spermatogenesis is a well-organized process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Alkaline phosphatase, and Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes are among the key players in this interconnected process. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes in embryonic, spermatogonial, and embryonic stem-like (ES-like) cells in mice. Materials and methods: First, spermatogonial stem cells were isolated, and then mouse embryonic stem cells and ES-like cells were prepared. Alkaline phosphatase expression was determined by alkaline phosphatase staining. After that, a bioinformatics analysis of directly related genes was done. Then the expression levels of the Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes were measured using Fluidigm PCR, and immunohistochemistry was done for Gfra1 expression. Results: In pluripotent stem cells and germ cells, the expression levels of Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes were found to be significantly positive (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase was also expressed positively in germ stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, but not in Sertoli cells or fibroblasts, indicating that this enzyme is exclusive to these cell types. Conclusion: Because of their interaction and expression in pluripotent stem cells and germ cells, alkaline phosphatase, Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes can be employed as detecting markers for these cell lines.