Comparing the Effectiveness of Adlerian Lifestyle-Based Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Compassion Therapy on Substance Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life in Opioid-Dependent Individuals

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle-based therapy, acceptance and commitment, and compassion on substance abstinence self-efficacy and quality of life in opioid-dependent individuals. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all opioid-dependent patients in the addiction treatment medium-term accommodation centers of Najaf Abad city in 2019. Among them, 40 people were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups were trained in eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any training during the treatment. The evaluation was performed in three stages: pretest, posttest, and three-month follow-up with two scales of substance abstinence self-efficacy and quality of life. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that all three methods of treatment significantly increased substance abstinence self-efficacy, and this difference still maintained at the three-month follow-up stage, but they had no significant impact on quality of life. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of three treatment methods on substance abstinence self-efficacy and quality of life. Conclusion: The aforementioned therapeutic interventions can be used as effective methods to increase substance abstinence self-efficacy, but none of these interventions is an elective treatment.