Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocomposite as high performance catalyst for the preparation of pyrimidines

Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocatalyst has been used as an effective catalystfor the preparation of 2,4-diamino-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivativesthrough a three-component reaction of malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes andguanidine hydrochloride under reflux conditions in ethanol. The catalyst has beencharacterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, XPS and VSM. Atom economy,reusable catalyst, low catalyst loading, applicability to a wide range of substratesand high yields of products are some of the notable features of this protocol.