Analysis of knowledge, attitude and behaviors of farmers regarding the safe use of pesticides and their health risks related experiences in Galogah county, Mazandaran province, Iran

Background and Objective: pesticides are essential to protect plants from pests and diseases. Extensive and unsafe use of pesticides by farmers pose various risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, the present study evaluates farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding pesticides use and the health problems associated with their use. Materials and Methods: In this human-research survey the target population consisted of 6170 farmers and fruit growers in Galogah County, Mazandaran province, were included. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select samples within 2 sub-districts and 13 villages, and the information was collected through 379 questionnaires. Statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Spearman Correlation and Linear Regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The respondents have no sufficient knowledge regarding the safe use of pesticides. Respondents' attitudes toward the impacts of pesticide use were positive. The safety measures were less considered by majority of respondents. Moreover, the results revealed that personal protective equipment (mask, gloves and, goggles) and safe disposal of pesticide residues are not fully taken into consideration. The dizziness, skin problems, headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms of pesticide-related illnesses. The findings of regression analysis showed that wide range of knowledge and proper attitudes about the safe use of pesticides are beneficial and can act as the promoting factor in farmers' safety behavior regarding pesticides use. Conclusion:  In conclusion, providing pesticide users with sufficient knowledge, safety information and effective personal equipment such as wearing masks, goggles and gloves should be given highest priorities.