Alteration of Serum Levels of Interlukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Depression Independent of Treatment or Overdose of Tricyclic Antidepressants

Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1b and TNF- α have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are also thought to influence immune functions and concentrations of cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of serum IL-1b and TNF-α in depressed patients who were treated, not treated, or poisoned with TCAs in comparison to healthy subjects. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients who were admitted at Loghman-Hakim Hospital from August 2007 to January 2008 were selected. They were divided into 4 groups: healthy individuals, TCA-poisoned patients, TCA-treated depressed patients, and non-treated depressed patients with 10 subjects in each group. Serum level of IL-1b and TNF-α were compared between groups and demographic and clinical data were collected by a questioner filled out by a trained practitioner. Liver function tests, blood cell count, electrocardiography, and arterial blood gases were also performed. Results: Complete blood analysis and demographic data showed significant differences between groups. IL-1b level was higher among females. The group of depressed patients non-treated with TCAs showed higher serum concentrations of IL-1b and TNF-α than other groups. No significant difference was observed in IL-1b and TNF-α values among healthy control, depressed TCA-treated, and TCA-poisoned groups. Conclusion: Depression and gender may influence the production of cytokines while neither TCAs treatment nor its overdose affects IL-1b and TNF-α.