A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Training Based on Metacognition on Basic Psychological Needs of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Introduction: Physical and psychological health in patients with type 2 diabetes is related to basic psychological needs. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and training based on metacognition on the basic psychological needs of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up group design. The statistical population of this research included patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Shahada Neiriz Hospital in Fars province in 2021. A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). Data collection was done using a demographic questionnaire and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale. After the pre-test, experimental groups 1 and 2 underwent 12 sessions of 75 minutes (2 sessions per week) of dialectical behavior therapy and metacognition-based therapy separately. The tools were completed by 3 groups in 3 times: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Data analysis was analyzed in SPSS software version 23 (P<0.05). Results: There are no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, education, occupation and marital status (P>0.05). Dialectical behavior therapy and training based on metacognition both increased basic psychological needs (P<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes.  Conclusion: Dialectical behavior therapy and training based on metacognition both increased basic psychological needs and competence, autonomy, and relationship subscales. It is suggested that these exercises should be used with the priority of dialectical behavior therapy for the rehabilitation of patients with type 2 diabetes.