بررسی اهمیت جغرافیایی سرزمین احقاف در قرآن

Quran is the perfect scripture for the guidance of humans and the words of which are the best words in directing humans. The true scholar is one who the light of knowledge and wisdom together with God's light, faith and piety has enlighten all his soul. With regard to the advancement of various branches of science among Muslims and the need for getting to know with sciences which can make Quranic teachings applicable to every aspect of our life, it is necessary to pay due attention to various fields of Quranic verses and develop them beyond the regular realm, e.g. the geography. In Quran, there is a strong relationship with this branch of science and plenty of messages can be received through it. This article deals with a part of this profound relationship and has a look at the unique region called "ahghaf" over the history. To state the importance of this region, according to the most authentic historical documents, the geographical position of which is primarily mentioned. Proportional to the terminological meaning of "Ahghaf" and the fact that their region while not free from sand dunes also contained water and trees, the quotation of those who say this region is located at the southern Saudi Arabia and in the proximity of Yaman seems more accurate. Then, to elucidate this issue, it was necessary to put forward the history of the people living in this area according to the Quran, interpreters, historians and archeologists as well as the satellite photos so that we can have a clearer perception their life style. The point to be mentioned is that Ahghaf possesses natural potentialities in which the Hazramis and A'ad tribes have settled and due to their blasphemy, arrogance and disobedience to the divine messenger, on the crest of alluvial fan. Areas that have moderate salinity are situated on the middle of the fan. Overlapping land use digital map of the region on the salinization hazard map shows that many of settlements are situated on the moderate salinity areas. In low level of salinity areas there are only 3 rural settlements. Insufficiency of vital infrastructures alongside to high level of floods, are obstacles of population attraction in this area settlements. Garmsar Township as the main population center situated in moderate salinity level area. Over a half of underground waters resources (Qantas and springs) in study area and 2 villages and 3 human settlements are situated in high level salinization area levels, based on findings resulted of overlapping of maps, too. We should mention that about 24 percent of Tehran – Mashhad railway, passes through the salinity hazard area. 4- Conclusion Based on research findings, rates and ranges of salinization are increasing on the alluvial fan, because low level salinity lands are replacing by moderate level ones. During a 10 year of studied period, about 25 percent of low level salinity land shifted to moderate or high level salinity lands. Electric conductivity inversing levels approve increase of salinization in the region. Closeness to salt dome, changes in courses and surface waters flow and increase in evaporation from irrigation systems has basic role in formation and increasing the phenomenon. Basic role in salinization pattern is on drainage basin pattern of the region for transportation and accumulation of salts and its solution. Salinization in Garmsar alluvial fan is a sever treat because of its situation in the region and evaluated as an environmental treat for the region.