Pyrethrum : Nature ' s Pesticide
نویسنده
چکیده
Pyrethrum is derived from the dried flowers of the plant Tanacetum cinerariifolium. The name given to the active insecticidal components of the dried flowers is "pyrethrins". Tasmanian pyrethrum production is among the most innovative, high-tech agricultural industries in the world. With an output that nearly quadrupled since 1996, Botanical Resources Australia (BRA) now supplies more then 30% of the global pyrethrum markets. Developments such as vacuum precision direct seeding allowed dramatic expansion in the total area planted to pyrethrum which is now ~ 3,000 ha. Using new generation cutter rower the flower is dried, pelletised and extracted. Initially the hexane extracted dark, treacly crude pyrethrum extract was exported to be refined overseas. BRA designed, built and commissioned a refinery in Tasmania during 1999. This environmental friendly process involving carbon dioxide was cutting edge technology. BRA is currently commissioning a new large-scale multi-purpose hexane extraction plant. The unique solvent-propellant properties of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) were the basis for the BOC global patent. This patent described Pestigas as a non-flammable, high-pressure (5,000kPa) aerosol spray (droplets range 2-20μ) with natural pyrethrins as the quick knockdown, wide spectrum, non-residual and low mammalian toxicity insecticide. The non-flammable, liquid CO2 solvent-propellant is recycled from by-product industrial processes. The small droplet size range (2-20μ) of the particles formed results in the pyrethrins being suspended for ~ one hour. The Pestigas system treats the total space with low ppm levels of insecticide and the reformulated product is now being developed by Crop & Food Research, NZ for "organic" quarantine treatment of NZ export fruit & vegetables.
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تاریخ انتشار 2002