Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to toxoplasmic encephalitis: two cases and review of initiation of antiretroviral timing in toxoplasmic encephalitis IRIS
نویسندگان
چکیده
Toxoplasma encephalitis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TE-IRIS) is rare and usually occurs in an unmasking, rather than paradoxical form. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases of paradoxical TE-IRIS and nine cases of unmasking TE-IRIS have been previously described. We present two additional cases of histopathology-consistent paradoxical TE-IRIS, after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and review the literature on TE-IRIS. Three of the four reported cases of paradoxical TE-IRIS were associated with early (within one week) initiation of ART, an issue that was not addressed in the 2009 US Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for the treatment of opportunistic infections.
منابع مشابه
Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to toxoplasmic encephalitis: two cases and review of initiation of antiretroviral timing in toxoplasmic encephalitis IRIS [version 1; referees: 3 approved]
encephalitis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Toxoplasma (TE-IRIS) is rare and usually occurs in an unmasking, rather than paradoxical form. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases of paradoxical TE-IRIS and nine cases of unmasking TE-IRIS have been previously described. We present two additional cases of histopathology-consistent paradoxical TE-IRIS, after early initiation of a...
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BACKGROUND Toxoplasmic encephalitis associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TE-IRIS) is rarely described. METHODS To identify TE-IRIS cases, the authors performed a retrospective study of all HIV-infected patients diagnosed as having TE in our unit between January 2000 and June 2009, and a review of published cases. RESULTS Three patients out of 65 toxoplasmic encephali...
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