NGAL: a marker molecule for the distressed kidney?
نویسنده
چکیده
[1], belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins. These are typically small secreted proteins characterised by their ability to bind small, hydrophobic molecules in a structurally conserved pocket formed by a β-pleated sheet, and to form macromolecular complexes. Many lipocalins also bind to specific cell-surface receptors, but so far no NGAL receptor has been identified. NGAL has many synonyms: it is also known as neutrophil lipocalin (NL or HNL for the human form) [2], lipocalin 2, oncogene protein 24p33 or uterocalin [4] in the mouse, and neu-related lipocalin [5] or 25 kDa α2-microglobulin-related protein [6] in the rat. Human NGAL consists of a single disulphide-bridged polypeptide chain of 178 amino-acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 22 kDa [1], but glycosylation increases its apparent molecular mass to 25 kDa. In neutrophils and urine it occurs as a monomer, with a small percentage of dimer and trimer [Figures 1 and 2], and it also occurs as a complex with 92-kDa human neutrophil type IV collagenase, also called gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) [1, 7].
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Protective effects of curcumin on diabetic nephropathy via attenuation of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression and alleviation of oxidative stress in rats with type 1 diabetes
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