Life history trade-offs and community dynamics of small fishes in a seasonally pulsed wetland1

نویسندگان

  • Donald L. DeAngelis
  • Joel C. Trexler
  • William F. Loftus
چکیده

We used a one-dimensional, spatially explicit model to simulate the community of small fishes in the freshwater wetlands of southern Florida, USA. The seasonality of rainfall in these wetlands causes annual fluctuations in the amount of flooded area. We modeled fish populations that differed from each other only in efficiency of resource utilization and dispersal ability. The simulations showed that these trade-offs, along with the spatial and temporal variability of the environment, allow coexistence of several species competing exploitatively for a common resource type. This mechanism, while sharing some characteristics with other mechanisms proposed for coexistence of competing species, is novel in detail. Simulated fish densities resembled patterns observed in Everglades empirical data. Cells with hydroperiods less than 6 months accumulated negligible fish biomass. One unique model result was that, when multiple species coexisted, it was possible for one of the coexisting species to have both lower local resource utilization efficiency and lower dispersal ability than one of the other species. This counterintuitive result is a consequence of stronger effects of other competitors on the superior species. Résumé : Nous avons utilisé un modèle unidimensionnel spatialement explicite pour simuler la communauté des petits poissons dans des terres humides d’eau douce du sud de la Floride, É.-U. La variation saisonnière des précipitations dans ces terres humides produit des fluctuations annuelles de la surface inondée. Nous avons modélisé des populations de poissons qui diffèrent entre elles seulement par l’efficacité de leur utilisation des ressources et par leur pouvoir de dispersion. Les simulations montrent que ces compromis, alliés à la variabilité temporelle et spatiale de l’environnement, permettent la coexistence de plusieurs espèces qui sont en compétition d’exploitation pour le même type de ressources. Ce mécanisme est inusité dans son détail, bien qu’il partage quelques caractéristiques avec d’autres mécanismes proposés pour expliquer la coexistence d’espèces compétitrices. Les densités de poissons dans les simulations ressemblent aux patrons de densité observés dans les données empiriques provenant des Everglades. Les cellules dont l’hydropériode dure moins de six mois accumulent des quantités négligeables de biomasse de poissons. Un résultat exceptionnel de la modélisation est que, lors de la coexistence de plusieurs espèces, il est possible pour l’une des espèces en présence de posséder à la fois une efficacité d’utilisation des ressources locales et un pouvoir de dispersion plus bas que ceux d’une autre des espèces. Ce résultat à première vue illogique est la conséquence des effets plus importants d’autres compétiteurs sur les espèces de niveau supérieur. [Traduit par la Rédaction] DeAngelis et al. 790

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تاریخ انتشار 2005