for the Handbook of Pragmatics, Horn & Ward (eds
نویسنده
چکیده
1. Context, Semantics, and Pragmatics The linguistic subfields of semantics and pragmatics are both concerned with the study of meaning. We might say that semantics studies what Grice (1967) called the TIMELESS MEANING of a linguistic expression φ —the basic meanings of the words in φ composed as a function of the syntactic structure of φ. Formal semantics, especially since the seminal work of Montague (1973), attempts to develop an empirically adequate theory of semantics for a given language by developing rules that are clear and unambiguous in their application and effect, and in so doing, makes clear predictions about the possible meanings for a given expression. Semanticists assume that words do have basic meanings, and that a given syntactic structure corresponds with a determinate way of composing the meanings of its subparts. Pragmatics, on the other hand, studies utterances of expressions like φ, attempting to explain WHAT SOMEONE MEANT BY
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