Tuberculous Meningitis, What’s New?

Tuberculous meningitis may not be the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in non-endemic countries, but it is certainly the most dangerous form of meningitis with a high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is difficult and a delay in treatment initiation can lead to poor outcomes, including severe neurological disability. In the setting of world globalization and frequent travel to endemic areas, it is important that physicians be acquainted with this disease. This review discusses the most recent advances related to diagnosis and treatment regimens, including the challenges associated with the treatment of individuals with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus infection as well as advances in vaccination against mycobacterium tuberculosis.