Still no convincing evidence for cognitive map use by honeybees.

No evidence for olfactory blocking in honeybee classical conditioning

We use binary odorant compounds to investigate 'blocking' in honeybees which learn to associate an odorant (A-D) with a sucrose reward as the reinforcer (+). 'Blocking' means that learning about a stimulus B is reduced when trained in compound with a stimulus A that has previously been trained alone. Thus, reinforcement of B in these circumstances is not sufficient to induce learning. Such bloc...

The mysterious cognitive abilities of bees: why models of visual processing need to consider experience and individual differences in animal performance.

Vision is one of the most important modalities for the remote perception of biologically important stimuli. Insects like honeybees and bumblebees use their colour and spatial vision to solve tasks, such as navigation, or to recognise rewarding flowers during foraging. Bee vision is one of the most intensively studied animal visual systems, and several models have been developed to describe its ...

Number-Based Visual Generalisation in the Honeybee

Although the numerical abilities of many vertebrate species have been investigated in the scientific literature, there are few convincing accounts of invertebrate numerical competence. Honeybees, Apis mellifera, by virtue of their other impressive cognitive feats, are a prime candidate for investigations of this nature. We therefore used the well-established delayed match-to-sample paradigm, to...

82 The Cognitive Structure of Visual Navigation in Honeybees

Animals use all their senses to explore the world, return to safe places, discover locations of importance, and travel between them. The phylogenetic history of the respective species equips it with infonnation about the physics of the world, but locations need to be learned according to their relations to physical and chemical signals. Memory established by exploration and success­ ful outcome...

Contribution of Micronutrients Intake to the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Is the Available Evidence Convincing?