Community water fluoridation, bone mineral density, and fractures: prospective study of effects in older women.
نویسندگان
چکیده
OBJECTIVE To determine whether fluoridation influences bone mineral density and fractures in older women. DESIGN Multicentre prospective study on risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. SETTING Four community based centres in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 9704 ambulatory women without bilateral hip replacements enrolled during 1986-8; 7129 provided information on exposure to fluoride. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, radius, and calcaneus plus incident fractures (fractures that occurred during the study) of vertebrae, hip, wrist, and humerus. RESULTS Women were classified as exposed or not exposed or having unknown exposure to fluoride for each year from 1950 to 1994. Outcomes were compared in women with continuous exposure to fluoridated water for the past 20 years (n=3218) and women with no exposure during the past 20 years (n=2563). In women with continuous exposure mean bone mineral density was 2.6% higher at the femoral neck (0.017 g/cm(2), P<0.001), 2.5% higher at the lumbar spine (0.022 g/cm(2), P<0.001), and 1.9% lower at the distal radius (0.007 g/cm(2), P=0.002). In women with continuous exposure the multivariable adjusted risk of hip fracture was slightly reduced (risk ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.96, P=0.028) as was the risk of vertebral fracture (0.73, 0.55 to 0.97, P=0.033). There was a non-significant trend toward an increased risk of wrist fracture (1.32, 1.00 to 1.71, P=0.051) and no difference in risk of humerus fracture (0.85, 0.58 to 1.23, P=0.378). CONCLUSIONS Long term exposure to fluoridated drinking water does not increase the risk of fracture.
منابع مشابه
Drinking water fluoridation: bone mineral density and hip fracture incidence.
The role of drinking water fluoride content for prevention of osteoporosis remains controversial. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of drinking water fluoridation on the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in two different communities in eastern Germany: in Chemnitz, drinking water was fluoridated (1 mg/L) over a period of 30 years; in Halle, the water was ...
متن کاملWater fluoridation, dentition status and bone health of older people in Ireland.
OBJECTIVE To examine some of the potential benefits and risks of water fluoridation for older adults. METHODS This study used 'The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing', to access a nationally representative sample of 4977 people aged 50 and older. The sample was used to estimate associations between the percentage of households in a respondent's local area with a currently fluoridated water su...
متن کاملWater fluoridation, osteoporosis, fractures--recent developments.
BACKGROUND Optimal (1ppm) water fluoridation is seen as the most socially equitable way to prevent dental caries, however concerns about the safety of fluoridation are periodically raised. METHODS Research on effects on bone published since the 1991 National Health and Medical Research Council report on water fluoridation was reviewed. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were identified. Adverse e...
متن کاملWhy I changed my mind about water fluoridation.
46. Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton III IJ. Hip fracture incidence before and after fluoridation of the publicwater supply, Rochester, Minnesota. American Journal of Public Health 83 743-745 1993.47. Suarez-Almazor ME, Flowerdew G, Saunders LD et al. The fluoridation of drinking water and hip fracturehospitalization rates in 2 Canadian communities. American Journal of Public He...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- BMJ
دوره 321 7265 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2000