Rule-based and information-integration perceptual category learning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
نویسندگان
چکیده
OBJECTIVE Suboptimal functioning of the basal ganglia is implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These structures are important to the acquisition of associative knowledge, leading some to theorize that associative learning deficits might be expected, despite the fact that most extant research in ADHD has focused on effortful control. We present 2 studies that examined the acquisition of explicit rule-based (RB) and associative information integration (II) category learning among school-age children with ADHD. METHOD AND RESULTS In Study 1, we found deficits in both RB and II category learning tasks among children with ADHD (n = 81) versus controls (n = 42). Children with ADHD tended to sort by the more salient but irrelevant dimension (in the RB paradigm) and were unable to acquire a consistent sorting strategy (in the II paradigm). To disentangle whether the deficit was localized to II category learning versus a generalized inability to consider more than 1 stimulus dimension, in Study 2 children completed a conjunctive RB paradigm that required consideration of 2 stimulus dimensions. Children with ADHD (n = 50) continued to underperform controls (n = 33). CONCLUSIONS Results provide partial support for neurocognitive developmental theories of ADHD that suggest that associative learning deficits should be found, and highlight the importance of using analytic approaches that go beyond asking whether an ADHD-related deficit exists to why such deficits exist.
منابع مشابه
Neuropsychology Rule-Based and Information-Integration Perceptual Category Learning in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
متن کامل
Category learning in ADHD 1 Rule-based and Information-Integration perceptual category learning in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Objective. Suboptimal functioning of the basal ganglia is implicated in ADHD. These structures are important to the acquisition of associative knowledge, leading some to theorize that associative learning deficits might be expected, despite the fact that most extant research in ADHD has focused on effortful control. We present two studies that examine the acquisition of explicit rule-based (RB)...
متن کاملNeurofeedback Training versus Perceptual-Motor Exercises Interventions in Visual Attention for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders which is characterized by poor attention and subsequently lower learning capacities comparing with normal children. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback and perceptual-motor exercises as two common non-pharmacological treatments on visual...
متن کاملComparison of the Effectiveness of Remote Attention and Memory Cognitive Training on Executive Functions and Behavioral Symptoms in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with and without Special Learning Disorder
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of remote Attention and Memory Cognitive Rehabilitation on executive functions and behavioral symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without special learning disorder. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of all chi...
متن کاملComparing the effectiveness of drug therapy, motion-perceptual exercises and their combination on attentive functionin in children age 6-12 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
The purpose of this research was comparing the effectiveness of drug therapy, motion-perceptual exercises and their combination on attentive function in children between 6 to 12 years old with attention- hyperactivity disorder. In this Semi-empirical study, three groups were selected including 12 girls and boys (6- 12 years old) with attention/hyperactivity disorde. To collect data Conners ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Neuropsychology
دوره 28 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014