[Effects of alcohol on the central nervous system observed through spinal reflex activities].

Central Nervous System Neurotoxicity of Chronic Alcohol Abuse

Effect of simvastatin on memory disorders and Hippocampal cell death in the model of the fetal alcoholic syndrome in male rats

Introduction: Exposure to ethanol as a neurotratogen in the developmental period has destructive effects on the central nervous system and causes neurological disorders in adulthood. These disorders are associated with apoptosis in areas of the brain such as the hippocampus, by activating the oxidative-inflammatory cascade and high levels of nerve degeneration. Simvastatin, used as a drug to tr...

The mechanism of action of anticholinesterase compounds on the patellar reflex.

In a previous report (McNamara et at., 1954) it was noted that spinal reflexes could be abolished reversibly by anticholinesterase compounds. When the ammals were sacrificed after return of the reflex activity, some were found to have considerable cholinesterase in their spinal cords and in other areas of the body; in other animals the enzyme was apparently absent. No determinations of acetylch...

HYPERVITAMINOSIS A-INDUCED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEFECTS

In this investigation the effects of excess vitamin A administration during the early embryonic period were studied. Intramuscular injection of a single dose of 15000,20000 or 25000 IU/kg vitamin A to pregnant Balb/c strain mice on either day 7,8,9 or 10 of gestation (vaginal plug= day 0 of gestation) produced major malformations in the central nervous system (CNS) including exencephaly, h...

Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action.

This review describes therapeutically relevant mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin (BT). BT's molecular mode of action includes extracellular binding to glycoproteine structures on cholinergic nerve terminals and intracellular blockade of the acetylcholine secretion. BT affects the spinal stretch reflex by blockade of intrafusal muscle fibres with consecutive reduction of Ia/II afferent sig...